Ethical Teachings in Christianity and Islam Essay example -- Ethics,

There are several ethical schoolings in Christianity and Islam that instruct Christians and Muslims on how they should act in everyday life. These ethical teachings often require the members of each religion to give generously to the welfare of those in need. This essay will leaven that both Islam and Christianity have ethical teachings that instruct people to give to the needy. This will be proved by first defining what an ethical guideline or teaching is, by looking at the Muslim ethical guidelines that instruct Muslims to help those in need and finally through analysing the Christian ethical guidelines that teach Christians to contribute to the welfare of those in need.Ethics is the explicit, philosophical reflection on moral beliefs and practices to clarify what is right and wrong and what human beings should freely do or refrain from doing. Therefore ethical guidelines are the guidelines set out to tell human beings what they should freely do and what they should refrain from based on whether it is right or wrong. Ethical guidelines in Christianity teach Christians how they should act so that their daily living reflects spiritual principles and supports the purpose and value of this world. For example the Ten Commandments were made by paragon to teach human beings to refrain from things such as stealing, murder and not loving your neighbour. Islamic ethical guidelines can be found in Islamic law. There are laws on how Muslims should treat one another and how they should behave towards Allah. For example the third Pillar of Islam Zakat, teaches Muslims to give their left over wealth to the wretched and needy. This guideline was passed down from Allah to teach Muslims that they should treat the poor and needy with respect and help ... ...welfare to the needy as it teaches that those who give to the needy will be trustworthy into heaven. Both Islam and Christianity have obvious ethical teachings that require Muslims and Christians to contribute welfare to those in need. The teachings of Zakat, Mohammeds sermons, the Quran passages and the teaching of jihad all instruct Muslims to give their unneeded wealth to those in need. The Bible passages about the poor teach Christians to give money to the needy as well. These teachings are invaluable to Islamic and Christian social club as due to these teachings Muslims and Christians give more money to the poor and thus as a result of these teachings poor people in Islamic and Christian society are better supported. Works CitedHoly Bible. Wheaton Tyndale, 2005. Print.The Quran Translation. Trans. Abdullah Yusuf Ali. Elmhurst Tahrike, 2000. Print.

Forensic Science and its Growing Popularity Essay -- essays papers

Forensic light and its Growing PopularityPeople all around the world ar becoming interested in forensic scientific discipline. Students across the nation are taking courses in this very popular science. Many colleges are adopting classes and majors just for it. Why has this science bewilder so popular? Is it because of the lack of people in the domain now, and the overwhelming job opportunities that come with a degree in forensic science? Is it because the field is so interesting, and catchy that everyone is flooding to be in the programs? Or is the recent growth of this field due to the numerous television and media coverage of the subject? unmatched thing is for sure, people really are starting to get interested in this field, and it is getting bigger by the second. Forensic science, what is it exactly? Forensic Science is any aspect of any area of science that could be called into question in a court of law, as it relates to the law (http//home.earthlink.net/thekei ther/Forensic/forsone.htm). There are different areas of forensic science, and different jobs that people do. There is the crime scene investigator, as shown in the hit television show CSI Crime Scene Investigation. They expect a crime scene, collect evidence, tag/bag evidence, and analyze it. Forensic photographers take pictures at crime scenes. Forensic psychiatry and profiling is where you diagnose and fragility people with mental illnesses, and where you make a personality profile of the criminal from gathering information from the crime scene. And firearms and toolmark identification, another type of forensics, is matching bullets to guns, explosives, and other weapons. These are just a few of the many different positions and jobs out there that deal with fore... ...ary 28, 2005, from The Washington Post database.Forensic science web pages. (1997).http//home.earthlink.net/thekeither/Forensic/forsone.htmGross, Jane. (2002). In latest science classes, dead men do tel l tales. The New YorkTimes A.1. Retrieved February 28, 2005, from The New York Times database.Richardson, Tyrone. (2005). Forensics is a favorite course high take classes in forensic science are increasing, thanks in part to the popularity of crime scene investigation television shows. The Sun 1.G. Retrieved April 26, 2005, from The Sun database. Rockoff, Jonathan, D. (2003). Forensic science is a hot new thing Career Intrigued byTV shows and real life trials, students are clamoring for and getting high school and college courses in crime scene investigation. The Sun 1. A. Retrieved February 27, 2005, from The Sun database.

Rene Descartes :: essays research papers

Rene DescartesRene Descartes was born March 31, 1596 in La Haye, Touraine. Descartes was theson of a minor nobleman and belonged to a family that had produced a number oflearned men. At the age of eight, he was enrolled in the Jesuit school of LaFleche in Anjou, where he remained for eight years. Besides the usual classicalstudies, he received counselling in math and in Scholastic philosophy. RomanCatholicism exerted a strong influence on Descartes throughout his life. Upongraduation from school, he studied justness at the University of Poitiers, graduatingin 1616. He never practiced law, however--in 1618 he entered the service ofPrince Maurice of Nassau at Breda, Netherlands, with the intention of followinga military career. In win years Descartes served in other armies, buthis attention had already been attracted to the problems of mathematics andphilosophy to which he was to devote the rest of his life. He made a travelto Italy in 1623-24, and spent the years from 1624 to 162 8 in France. While inFrance, he devoted himself to the study of philosophy and also experimented inoptics. In 1628, having sold his properties in France, he moved to theNetherlands, where he spent most of the rest of his life. He lived for varyingperiods in a number of different cities in the Netherlands, including Amsterdam,Deventer, Utrecht, and Leiden.It was probably during the runner years of his residence in theNetherlands that Descartes wrote his first major work, Essais philosophiques,published in 1637. The work contained four parts an essay on geometry,another on optics, a third on meteors, and Discours de la methode (Discourse onMethod), which described his philosophical theories. This was followed by otherphilosophical works, among them Meditationes de Prima Philosophia (Meditationson First Philosophy, 1641) and Principia Philosophiae (The Principles ofPhilosophy, 1644). The latter volume was commit to Princess Elizabeth Stuartof Bohemia, who lived in the Netherlands and with whom Descartes had formed adeep friendship. In 1649, Descartes was invited to the court of Queen Christinaof Sweden in Stockholm to give the queen instruction in philosophy. The rigorsof the northern pass brought on the pneumonia that caused his death onFebruary 1, 1650.The most notable contribution that Descartes made to mathematics was thesystematization of analytic geometry. He was the first mathematician to attemptto classify curves harmonize to the types of equations that produce them. Healso made contributions to the theory of equations and succeeded in proving theimpossibility of trisecting the angle and doubling the cube.

The Killing Game Essay -- essays research papers

The killing gameBefore reading The killing game by Joy Williams, I considered myself a non-hunter. However, after reading The killing game, I had mixed feelings of how I felt about hunting. I think Williams unjustly stereotyped all hunters as being immoral without consideration for another point of view. I decided to look equally at both sides of this issue to determine which side, non-hunter or anti-hunter, I would support.I interviewed my friend, Dona Mayo, about hunting. I believed that she would know about hunting since she had hunted in the past and her father is an active hunter. She considers herself to be a non-hunter now except does support the rights of a limited amount of hunting for appropriate reasons. Her family always takes home and eats all the animals they kill. Any left over meat is donated to church building or given to other families. Every edible part of the animal is eaten. The head is kept as a trophy if it has a good rack. They favor to hunt deer, turkey an d squirrel. At one point, in 1985 lots of people were laid off from work. They had to rely on hunting to supply them with meat when they could no longer afford to buy any.She did have a friend of hers that was involved in a hunting related accident. His name was Chris, when he was thirteen he had accidentally shot and killed his father by laying a gun that had a bullet lodged in the rifle while climbing a fence. It is dirty to hunt in state parks in Mississippi. Taxpayers pay extra for l...

space :: essays research papers

People arguing over shuttle costs on the net are usually arguing fromdifferent assumptions and do not describe their assumptions clearly,making it impossible to reach agreement. To demonstrate the difficulty,here are a range of flight cost figures differing by a factor of 35 andsome of the assumptions behind them (all use 1992 constant dollars).     $45 million - marginal cost of adding or removing one flight from      the manifest in a given year.     $414 million - NASAs average cost/flight, assuming planned flight      rates are met and using current fiscal year data only.     $1 billion - operational costs since 1983 spread over the actual      crook of flights.     $900 million - $1.35 billion - total (including development) costs      since the inception of the shuttle program, assuming 4 or 8      flights/year and operations ending in 2005 or 2010.     $1.6 billion - total costs through 1992 spread over the actual      number of flights through 1992.For more detailed information, see the Aviation Week Forum article byRoger A. Pielke, Jr. "Space Shuttle Value Open To interpretation", July26, 1993, pg. 57. WHAT HAPPENED TO THE SATURN V PLANSDespite a widespread belief to the contrary, the Saturn V blueprints keep not been lost. They are kept at Marshall Space Flight fondness onmicrofilm. The Federal Archives in East Point, GA also has 2900 cubicfeet of Saturn documents. Rocketdyne has in its archives dozens ofvolumes from its Knowledge Retention Program. This effort was initiatedin the late 60s to document every facet of F-1 and J-2 engineproduction to assist in any future re-start.The problem in re-creating the Saturn V is not purpose the drawings, itis finding vendors who can supply mid-1960s vintage hardware (likeguidance s ystem components), and the fact that the launch pads and VABhave been converted to Space Shuttle use, so you have no place to launchfrom.By the time you redesign to accommodate available hardware and re-modifythe launch pads, you may as well have started from chou with a cleansheet design. Other referencesSeveral AIAA papers delivered in recent years discuss reviving theSaturn V. For example, AIAA paper 92-1546, "Launch Vehicles for theSpace geographic expedition Initiative". This paper concluded that a revivedSaturn V was actually cheaper than the NLS vehicle.An overview of the infrastructure still available to support productionof a 1990s Saturn V and how that vehicle might be used to support FirstLunar Outpost missions can be found in the December 1993 issue of_Spaceflight_, create by the British Interplanetary Society.WHY DATA FROM SPACE MISSIONS ISNT IMMEDIATELY AVAILABLE

space :: essays research papers

People parameter all over snort costs on the net are usually arguing fromdifferent assumptions and do not describe their assumptions clearly,making it impossible to reach agreement. To demonstrate the difficulty,here are a range of flight cost figures differing by a factor of 35 andsome of the assumptions behind them (all use 1992 constant dollars).     $45 million - marginal cost of adding or removing one flight from      the perspicuous in a given social class.     $414 million - NASAs average cost/flight, assuming planned flight      rates are met and using current fiscal year data only.     $1 billion - operational costs since 1983 spread over the actual      number of flights.     $900 million - $1.35 billion - total (including development) costs      since the inception of the shuttle program, assuming 4 or 8 & nbsp    flights/year and operations ending in 2005 or 2010.     $1.6 billion - total costs through 1992 spread over the actual      number of flights through 1992.For more detailed information, see the Aviation Week Forum article byRoger A. Pielke, Jr. " home snort time value Open To Interpretation", July26, 1993, pg. 57. WHAT HAPPENED TO THE SATURN V PLANSDespite a widespread belief to the contrary, the Saturn V blueprintshave not been lost. They are kept at Marshall Space Flight Center onmicrofilm. The Federal Archives in East Point, GA also has 2900 cubicfeet of Saturn documents. Rocketdyne has in its archives dozens ofvolumes from its Knowledge retentivity Program. This effort was initiatedin the late 60s to document every facet of F-1 and J-2 engineproduction to assist in any future re-start.The problem in re-creating the Saturn V is not finding the drawings, itis finding vendors who can supply mid-1960s vintage har dware (likeguidance system components), and the fact that the launch pads and VABhave been converted to Space Shuttle use, so you have no place to launchfrom.By the time you redesign to accommodate available hardware and re-modifythe launch pads, you may as substantially have started from scratch with a cleansheet design. Other referencesSeveral AIAA papers delivered in recent years discuss reviving theSaturn V. For example, AIAA paper 92-1546, " forward Vehicles for theSpace Exploration Initiative". This paper concluded that a revivedSaturn V was actually cheaper than the NLS vehicle.An overview of the infrastructure still available to support productionof a 1990s Saturn V and how that vehicle might be used to support FirstLunar Outpost missions can be found in the celestial latitude 1993 issue of_Spaceflight_, published by the British Interplanetary Society.WHY DATA FROM SPACE MISSIONS ISNT IMMEDIATELY AVAILABLE

‘Describe and Evaluate Carl Jung’s Theory Concerning Personality Types Essay

Introduction In this essay I aim to show an affright of Jungs constitution signs by depicting and measuring his speculation and to demo how they might useful in assisting a healer to find curative ends. I go forth as well as look at roughly of the unfavorable judgments levelled at Jungs theory. Carl Gustav Jung. ( 26 July 1875 6 June 1961 ) . was a Swiss psychologist and head-shrinker. and the laminitis of analytical mental science. His male parent was a Pastor. and he had an stray puerility. going reall(a)y introspective. it calculatems he had a schizophrenic ainity.Although Freud was involved with analytical psychological science and pass awayed with patients with neurotic neuroticisms Jung. nevertheless. worked with psychotic patients in infirmary. He was struck by the cosmopolitan symbols ( or Archetypes ) in their psychotic views and hallucinations ( ref. Dennis chocolate-brown and Jonathan Redder ( 1989 ) p. 107 ) . His work and influence extends manner beyond thought temperament. and he is considered to be one of the greatest minds to hold theorised about flavor and how people relate to it.Carl Jung was among many great reputation theoreticians who drew inspiration and hash out from the ancient theoretical accounts like star divination and the Four Dis localizations. For 100s of old ages at that place has been some sort of typology to seek and categorize individuals attitudes and behavior. e. g. Astrology. Oriental astrologists invented the oldest signifier of typology believing is that there is a nature trait that is relevant to each mark and that a persons character/personality can be classified in footings of the elements fire H2O air and Earth.Those under fire had a ardent genius and corresponding disposition and destiny. etcetera The ancient Greeks believed in the quaternary temperaments / four humours . which can be traced back to Ancient Greek medical specialty and doctrine ( 400BC ) . particularly in the work of Hippocr ates the Father of Medicine ) and in Platos thoughts about character and personality. It was believed that in order to arrest wellness. people needed an even balance of the four constitutive(a) structure fluids blood. emotionlessness. xanthous gall. and black gall.These four organic structure fluids were linked to certain variety meats and unwellnesss and besides represented the Four Temperaments or Four Humours of personality. The classic doctor Galen ( AD 130-200 ) subsequently introduced the facial expression of four basic dispositions formulateing the wits the sanguine. floaty type the phlegmatic. sulky type the choleric. choleric type and the melancholiac. dejected type. Galen besides classified drugs in footings of their supposed effects on the four wits.He therefore created a systematic usher or choosing drugs. which although scientifically wrong were the invertebrate foot rock of handling psychological and psychiatric unwellnesss. Carl Jung approached personality an d psychological types ( besides referred to as Jungs psychological types ) from a position of clinical depth psychology. He was one of the few psychologists in the 20th century to keep that development extends beyond childhood and adolescence finished mid-life and into old age. He focused on isthmus uping and developing a relationship between witting and unconscious(p)(p)(p) procedures.Jung believed that scallywag 2 there was a duologue between the witting and unconscious and without it the unconscious procedures can weaken and even endanger the personality and this is seen in one of his underlying constructs of individualization. He believed that individualization is a life long procedure of personal development that involves set uping a connexion between the self-importance and the ego. which could be brought to its highest realization if worked with and the unconscious was confronted. ( Stevens 1999 ) Jung. like Freud. referred to the self-importance when depicting the mo re(prenominal) witting facet of personality.Unlike Freud he did non seek to understate the unconscious side of the personality. just alternatively gave it equal position. complimentary to that of the witting. He referred to the integrated personality as ego the Centre of the entire mind. including both(prenominal) the witting and the unconscious. The Self includes all of a persons qualities and potencies whether or non they become evident at a mirthful phase of life. The end of therapy is to steer the lymph gland to go a whole a human being as personal fortunes will let.It was out of Jungs confrontation with the unconscious. both in himself and in his patients. that he easy elaborated his psychological science. In his 1921 work. Personality Types . Jung compared his four maps ( as shown below ) of personality to the four points on a compass. While a individual faces one way. he or she still uses the other points as a usher. Most people keep one map as the dominant one althoug h some people may develop two over a life-time. It is merely the individual who achieves self-realization that has wholly developed all four maps.His book besides acted as the compass by which Jung tried to understand how he differed from Freud and Adler. moreover more significantly. could reward down to chart the internal worldly concern of people. Jungs Four Psychological Functions are as follows Rational Functions? Thinking ( procedure of cognitive idea ) ? flavour ( map of subjective judgement or rating ) enabling determination doing Irrational Functions? Sensation ( perceptual experience utilizing the physical sense variety meats? cognition ( receptiveness to unconscious contents ) supplying the information on which to do judgements.Jung held a deep grasp of originative life and considered spiritualty a cardinal portion of the human journey. There is a whole literature associating Jungian psychological science and spiritualty. chiefly from a Christian position. This liter ature includes Hagiographas by Kelsey ( 1974. 1982 ) and by Sanford ( 1968. 1981 ) . Caprio and Hedbergs ( 1986 ) Coming Home A Handbook for Researching the Sanctuary Within is a practical usher for religious work in the Christian tradition. It contains physical contact personal narratives. first-class illustrations. and utile exercisings.( Frager & A Fadiman 2005 ) Jungs description of personality provinces that in order to Page 3 place a psychological type it is necessary to find whether a individual is oriented chiefly toward his interior universe ( invagination ) or toward outside world ( extroversion ) . known as the cardinal attitude of the person to underscore its importance. Jungs eight personality types are as follows ? Extroverted Thinking Jung theorized that people understand the universe through a mix of concrete thoughts and abstract 1s. but the abstract constructs are 1s passed down from other people.Extroverted minds are often found working in the research scient ific disciplines and mathematics. draw in Thinking These persons interpret stimulation in the milieu through a subjective and originative manner. The readings are informed by internal cognition and apprehension. Philosophers and theoretical scientists are frequently introspective thinking-oriented people. Extroverted Feeling These people judge the value of things based on nonsubjective fact. promiscuous in societal state of personal matterss. they form their sentiments based on socially accepted values and bulk beliefs.They are frequently found working in concern and political relations. retract Feeling These people make judgements based on subjective thoughts and on internally established beliefs. Often propagation they ignore predominating attitudes and live societal norms of thought. Introverted feeling people thrive in callings as art critics. Extroverted Feeling These people perceive the universe as it unfeignedly exists. Their perceptual experiences are non colored by any preexistent beliefs. Jobs that require nonsubjective reappraisal. like vino taste testers and proofreaders. are best filled by extrospective feeling people.Introverted Feeling These persons interpret the universe through the lens of subjective attitudes and seldom see something for merely what it is. They make sense of the environment by giving it intending based on internal contemplation. Introverted feeling people frequently turn to assorted humanistic disciplines. including portrait picture and guileless music. Extroverted Intuitive These people prefer to understand the significances of things through subliminally perceived nonsubjective fact instead than incoming centripetal information.They rely on intuitions and frequently disregard what they perceive straight from their senses. Inventors that come upon their innovation via a shot of penetration and some spiritual reformists are characterized by the extrovert intuitive type. Introverted Intuitive These persons. Jun g idea. are deeply influenced by their internal motives even though they do non wholly understand them. They find intending through unconscious. subjective thoughts about the universe. Introverted intuitive people comprise a important part of mystics. phantasmagoric creative persons. and spiritual fiends.They are mysterious dreamers. concerned with possibilities instead than what is presently present. seldom understood by others. Repress feeling. Jung described himself as an introspective intuitor. Introverts are people who prefer their internal universe of ideas. feelings. phantasies. dreams. and so on. while extraverts prefer the external universe of things and people and activities. Page 4 Today the words have become baffled with thoughts like shyness and sociableness. partly because introverts tend to be shy(p) and extraverts tend to be sociable.But Jung intended for them to mention more to whether you ( ego ) more frequently faced toward the character and outer world. or towar d the unified unconscious and its accrediteds. In that sense. the introvert is slightly more mature than the extravert. Our civilization. of class. values the extravert much more. Jung warned that we all tend to value our ain type most. ( Boeree 1996 ) a photo which is unusually utile to healers today as it is of import non to let personal feelings to take topographic point when working with clients.Both introvert and extrovert overvalue their strengths and each tends to underestimate the other. To the extrovert. the introvert seems narcissistic and dull. and to the introvert. the extrovert appears superficial and insincere ( Fordham. 1966 ) . Jung believed that a individual remained an extrovert or introvert without alteration for the whole of his life. and that heredity determines whether the libido is directed inward or outward. Whether a individual is an introvert or extravert they need to cover with both their inner and outer universe. And each has their best-loved manne r ofcovering with it. shipway which they are comfy with and good at. This hypothesised stableness of the introversion-extroversion trait is consistent with empirical research utilizing Non-Jungian steps of invagination and extroversion. ( Cloniger 2000 ) Jung suggested a linkup between each of the attitudes and certain neurotic upsets which will be discussed subsequently. We now find the introvert-extravert dimension in several theories. notably Hans Eysencks. In Eysencks ( 1982 ) position people are biosocial animate beings and that psychological science stands at the hamlets of biological scientific disciplines and societal scientific disciplines.He states that psychological science must go more of a true scientific discipline with methodological analysis in all that the healer does in order to allow personality theoreticians to do anticipations that can be tested and hence do possible the development of the causal theory of personality. which he believes will necessarily assist the healer with clients viewing jobs. Jung compared the witting portion of the mind ( self-importance ) to an is bolt down that rises out of the sea. We notice merely the portion above the H2O. even though there is a greater land mass below the H2O much like an iceberg. the unconscious prevarications below ( Fordam1953 ) .The personal unconscious is a reservoir of experience unique to each individual(a) consisting of perceptual experiences. ideas. feelings and memories that have been put to one side or repressed but non ever covered by sea and therefore can be reclaimed. Whereas the personal unconscious is alone to every person. the corporate unconscious is shared or transpersonal and consists of certain potencies that we all portion because of our human nature. because we all live in groups and in some signifier of society or household life.He believed that the corporate unconscious did non develop separately but was inherited and consisted of preexistent signifiers. the origin als. An original is a cosmopolitan thought signifier or sensitivity to react to the universe in certain ways and is important to Jungs construct of the corporate unconscious because it emphasises potencies in which we may show our humanity. He believed that they appeared to us in dreams. art. ritual. myths and symptoms.Eysenck believed that from a point of position of scientific discipline. Jungs part to the survey of personality types had been chiefly negative as he permitted mystical impressions to overrule empirical informations and sought to travel beyond descriptive analysis to the causal analysis of personality. A individual is non normally defined by merely one of the eight personality types. Alternatively. the different maps exist in a hierarchy. One map will hold a superior consequence and another will hold a secondary consequence.Normally. harmonizing to Jung. a individual merely makes important use Page 5 of two maps. The other two take inferior places. Jung believed that it was non sufficient to possess merely one of the above-named maps to be a all-around personality and be able to confront lifes experiences. Jung described two of the four maps as rational and two as irrational besides he used the footings judging/perceiving. Thinking can account for logic and judgment. Our likes/dislikes are a feeling map.These two maps are known as rational as they use our reflecting ability. Sensation and intuition are known as irrational maps because it is what is seen in the external universe ( esthesis ) and interior universe ( intuition ) . In pattern. the supplemental map is ever one whose nature. rational or irrational. is different from the primary map. For case. feeling can non be the secondary map when thought is dominant. and frailty versa. because both are rational and judging maps ( Daryl Sharp. 1989. p. 19 ) One of the four maps may be developed more. and this would be known as a primary or superior map. whilst the others may be classed as inferi or.What this means is that a primary map is one which a individual uses more. whilst possibly. other maps are non used so much ( inferior ) and these might lend to a individual experiencing unable to get by with a state of affairs in which an inferior map is needed to be active. Jung acknowledged that the four orienting maps do non incorporate everything in the witting mind. Will power and memory. for case. are non included.The ground for this is that they are non typological determinants-though of vogue they may be affected by the manner one maps typologically believing is ever accompanied by an lower status of feeling. and differentiated esthesis is deleterious to intuition and frailty versa ( ref. Daryl Sharp. 1987. p. 15 ) Jung used the term libido to specify what he meant by extravert and introvert. it was non meant in a versed manner. like Freud. but as a term for energy. Introversion. writes Jung. is usually characterized by a hesitant. brooding. retiring nature that keeps itself to itself. psychiatrists from objects and is ever somewhat on the defensive .Conversely. Extraversion is usually characterized by an outgoing. candid. and suiting nature that adapts easy to a given state of affairs. rapidly form fond regards. and. puting aside any possible scruples. will frequently venture Forth with superficial assurance into unknown situations . ( ref. Daryl Sharp1987. p. 13 ) . The balance between the two can be disturbed either manner. on the one side. utmost backdown. invagination or even psychosis. cuts a individual stumble from external world. On the other side. overly extroverted or constricted personalities may be cut off from subjective feelings or interior world ( Ref. Dennis Brown & A Jonathan Redder 1989p. 81 ) .Jung acknowledged that it is sometimes hard to work out what personality type some people belong to. he stated. It is frequently really hard to happen out whether a individual belongs to one type or the other. particularly in respect to oneself ( ref Jung. Anthony Stevens. 2001. p. 99 ) Peoples change their manner of behavior in different fortunes. because this is the manner they wish to be perceived. to be accepted by others. Jung referred to this as a character ( or a mask ) where a individual relays to others. person they are non. apparently to conform to others outlooks of them.This is besides known as the glaring side of the personality The character Page 6 signifiers in early childhood. when a kid signifiers in his head what is acceptable to his parents. instructors etc. If it is repressed this is what Jung referred to as the shadow . If the shadow is non allowed to come up. it will turn bigger. Jung believed that by confronting up to your shadow. it may enable you to alter it. The shadow may emerge in times of utmost anger/dreams. Jung believed that the shadow is indispensable as it allows an single to see the universe.We are each Born with a natural balance. If our natural balance is disquieted due to repression or conditioning so our heads will in some manner seek to reconstruct the balance which Jung saw as the power of the unconscious surfacing as the return of the pent-up . The self-importance emerges out of the ego in childhood. It is your individualism. who you are. your ain self-importance appertaining merely to you. the Centre of consciousness. As you go into maturity there may be problem between the self-importance and ego. as the persons attitude alteration.Avowal of the Self liberates its originative energies and brings certain cognition that the best life is the life lived sub specie fraternization ( ref. . Anthony Stevens 2001. p. 157 ) . Jung seemed to put a batch of accent on the Self. I suppose this is because it is the Self. which he believed. will finally gauge alteration in behavior. He was one of the few psychologists in the 20th century to keep that development extends beyond childhood and adolescence through mid-life into old age. ( ref. Anthony Stevens 2001. p. 38 ) . .Jung disagreed with Freud on his positions on gender i. e. the Oedipus complex . Jung preferred to name this complex a love aspect . of a mother/child and non a sexual one/incest. as Freud believed to be the instance. Jung and Freud both agreed though. that unconscious ideas ( dreams ) were the manner to personal penetration of the person. After his separating with Freud. overtly because of dissension about the importance of gender. but possibly besides over father-son competitions. Jung once more withdrew into what Heisenberg ( 1970 ) calls a creative illness during which he excessively conducted a ego analysis ( ref Dennis Brown and Jonathan Redder ( 1989 ) p. 107 ) .But he did non utilize free association . but provoked unconscious imagination which he wrote down. pull his dreams. protracting narratives which he told himself. This is how he became involved in analytical psychological science. He spent long periods at his lakeside retreat. jumping between his inne r world/ outer universe. Freud. looked back into a clients childhood. whereas Jung looked to the hereafter more and did non set much importance into the past. more in what can be achieved. the ends to take for . . the hope . . of alteration. The unconscious head of a adult male. Jung believed. contained a female component ( anima ) . and a womans a male component ( animosity ) .These he believed to be linked to tickling desires. on what the single discoveries attractive in the opposite sex. Another belief Jung held. is that if a individual reacts really strongly to his anima/animus it may take to homosexualism. This is what he believed. non which has been proven to be true.Page 7 Jungs theories. I believe to be utile in therapy. because if you can measure an persons personality. you can endeavour to do the therapy more applicable to their type which Jung viewed as their singularity as an person. the wholeness . He did non conceal behind a client like Freud. preferring to utilize a face to confront method. where the client and the healer are equal he besides used personal work on dreams. a assortment of ways to seek and advance growing in the client. to look to the hereafter.His positions on mental unwellness gave some hope to a sick person as he believed that within the psychosis experienced there is a personality concealed. with hopes. desires etc. he tried to understand them through reading. Jung saw mental unwellness as a defect. as inferior. but tried to assist the single face this inferior side and near his extrospective side to accomplish wholeness .On the whole. Jungs typology is best used in the manner that one would utilize a compass all typological possibilities are theoretically available to the Self. but it is utile to be able to set up those coordinates that one is utilizing to chart ones class through life. Jung accepted that this class is neer intractably fixed it may be at any clip be capable to change. Viewed in this visible radiation. con sciousness of ones psychological type is non a restraint but release. for it can open up new navigational possibilities in life. the being of which 1 might otherwise neer have discovered ( ref. Anthony Stevens. 2001. p. 101 )Jung feature his critics. chiefly Freudian. after his split with Freud in peculiar his Archetypes theories concentrating on Jungs belief that the beginnings of originals ( and their footing in the corporate unconscious ) transcend to the person. in that they reflect on hereditary or cosmopolitan kernel. The review besides examines a related impression of Jungs. that the corporate unconscious unites us with the universe around us in an immediate paranormal or synchronism sense. These impressions of Jungs are found to be earnestly flawed.In malice of this. the review suggests that Jungs belief in the familial footing of certain unconscious content holds some promise. With this in head. suggestions are made refering needful alteration in Jungs theory and refering the sort of grounds required for its support. ( ref. Journey of Humanistic Psychology. Spring 1996. Vol 36 no. 261. 91. p. 223-242. Another unfavorable judgment with respects to Jung is he does non dig into childhood experience in contrast to Freud and depth psychology and some psychologists find his theories hard and drawn out.Besides his theory does bring forth a lessen sum of research and 2 ) Neither possible to verify or distort. ( ref. HttpYahoo. com. Page 8 Conclusion In order to expeditiously assist a client and to find curative ends it is necessary to set up whether a individual is chiefly orientated toward their inner ( invagination ) or outer universe ( extroversion ) and following to measure which are the dominant and auxillary psychological maps of the client. Jung said that people connect thoughts. feelings. experiences and information by manner of associations in the unconscious in such a manner as to impact their behaviour.He identified these groupings as Complexes . He believed that they may be organised around a peculiar individual or object and the healer may utilize this cognition to convey to the head of the clients consciousness a state of affairs which they may be happening hard to untangle from. The curative end of Jungian therapy is to assist the client resoluteness imbalanced facets of their personality which nowadays in a figure of differing ways of psychological perturbation.Examples include utmost negativeness. dependences. grades of paranoia. sudden spiritual transition. in appropriate fond regards to unsuitable spouses. craze. passion. depression. hypochondrias or schizophrenic personality traits as Jung himself had as a male child. By understanding his theory and how each type may show the healer can assist them unlock the shadow sides of their personality. It is a procedure in which the client is helped to come to footings with the topographic point of ego within their ain universe and besides to assist them see that they are portion of a greater corporate unconscious.Much of Jungs work was about the interconnection of all people and civilizations. Today more than of all time as we seek to go one world Jungs work with eastern every bit good as western faiths and civilizations seems more and more appropriate. The work of Hans Eysenck through empirical surveies across the universe has shown that personality types exist in all civilizations and hence concludes that there is a familial part to personality types.Such transverse cultural unanimity would be improbable if biological factors did non play a prevailing part ( Eysenck. 1990 ) But like Jung he believed that environmental factors likely find how much an person will develop to their full potency. The usage of appropriate appraisal techniques can be priceless in assisting a healer to develop the untapped potency within the person and is so making contribute to the corporate unconsciousness and synchronism of the planet as a whole.

The Attitude of Confucius towards Women

No wiz would not recognize that Confucius until now has a great impact not only to mainland China and to its neighbors such as Japan, Korea, and Vietnam but as well as to other countries that his teachings had traveled through. His thoughts had deeply penetrated into their culture believing that they were the right virtues to do for their daily living. only wizard of his teachings is now questioned and this is his attitude against women. Looking ahead The Attitude of Confucius towards Women IntroductionNo one would not recognize that Confucius until now has a great impact not only to China and to its neighbors such as Japan, Korea, and Vietnam but as well as to other countries that his teachings had traveled through. His thoughts had deeply penetrated into their culture believing that they were the right virtues to do for their daily living. But one of his teachings is now questioned and this is his attitude against women. As change of time goes by, even his descendants had now r ealized what women should be in this changing society. Biography of Confucius and the persona of women in his lifeConfucius was believed to have been born 551 BC, at the city of Qufu, of the state of Lu (now modern day province of Shandong). His ancestry is said to have originated from the Royal raise of Song, but had fled because of turmoil. It is also believed that Confucius was an illegitimate child because his grow had not been given a healthy son by his first married woman. fit in to Peterson (2008), Confucius belongs to the gentry or those who owned a large farm. But contrary to this, it is also believed that three years after Confucius was born, his father died and he together with his stupefy lived in leanness (Chien, 1978).Confucius thusly strived hard to rise starting from being a livestock caretaker, clerk and bookkeeper. At an early age of 19, he married Qi Quan then they had a child when he was 20. At the age of 23, his mother died and he had offered a three year s mourning for her. According to the Temples of Confucius, he had became a rightness Minister of Lu at 53 but the sources of Peterson contradicts to this event saying that though Confucius wanted to had a position, he never had at least one and he had only spent his life teaching others who had the same wish to gain position.These discrepancies ab verboten the biography of Confucius is said to have its root to the many fabled accounts being attributed unto him by his historian followers later in his life. His desires about wives in relation to hubbys As a teacher of men who wants to rule, one tick he had taught unto them is their relation to their wives. To start, he had a perception that women are the lone producers of disorders and this should not be blamed as something sent by the heaven. He regards them as cannot be taught nor instructed thus making them inferior to man.He also then gave an advice that husbands should maintain a certain distance to his wife. A philosopher f rom the Han dynasty wherein Confucian teachings had been first widely adopted, eschew Gu had explained that women should not make the initiative before man, because yin is lowly, and it proceeds to the yang in order to be completed. Known women by that time had also supported this idea of Confucius, Zhao had admitted that women are weak and lowly, and their primary duty is to serve their husband.She also says that men could remarry twice, but women could not. But she ended her passage by paying obligingness to their gender, saying that as man is honored for dexterity a woman is beautiful for her gentleness. Another saying pertains to the acts that should be done by court ladies, stating that A husband is heaven, and Heaven cannot be shirked. According to another record from the Han dynasty entitled Ritual and Book of Rites, daughter-in-laws should act as a lower class to his husbands parents.Whatever she wants to do, she should first ask permission from them. According then to Nu Lun Lu, this one coming from the Tang Dynasty, says that a husband-wife relationship should be of mans strength and womans weakness, that a wife should just be quiet and blame herself every time his husband is angry, that a wife should not get out his husband especially when he is sick. His ideas about the role of mothers in relations to sonsSpeaking of Confucius attitude about mothers, I might suggest that his teachings would had been influenced by his personal experiences with his father assuming that it is true that Confucius is an illegitimate child because his father divorced his first wife because she could not give him at least one healthy son. According to the famous disciple of Confucius named Mencius, there are only three uncivil acts, the greatest of them is not producing a son. But even though a mother could not give a son, he had not excluded her with the respect her child should give back to her.He had also regarded that mothers are the first source of education of their children. His thinking about contacts with other states, including both trade and war as being affected by his attitude to women As he emphasized that women should be at the lowest level in the human society, his thinking about contacts with other states is that it should only be run by males and not by the inferior females. He strongly suggests that women should only be kept inside the bedroom to serve his husbands after a hard days work.Every work outside the rest home such as trading then is only of male-concerns, so thus also being a soldier at times of war. Justification As time had changed, people are now realizing that Confucius idea about the inferiority of women in the society had also changed. Basing on my opinion, Confucius had stated those teachings just to stress out the need of his province for men who would rule and protect it at times of war. He then perceived that women are belongings of men and a wifes main duty is to give him a healthy son that would ma ke sure the continuance of his bloodline.

Business Math

Chapter 5 Interest Rates 5-1. Your bank is polish offering you an grudge that go out give 20% please in total for a two- stratum nonplus. Determine the kindred discount vagabond for a period space of a. Six months. b. One year. c. One month. a. Since 6 months is pic of 2 old age, victimization our rule pic So the equivalent 6 month drift is 4. 66%. b. Since one year is half of 2 geezerhood pic So the equivalent 1 year send is 9. 54%. c. Since one month is pic of 2 years, using our rule pic So the equivalent 1 month mark is 0. 63%. 5-2. Which do you prefer a bank account that pays 5% per year (EAR) for three years or a. An account that pays 2pic every six months for three years? b. An account that pays 7pic every 18 months for three years? c. An account that pays pic per month for three years? If you deposit $1 into a bank account that pays 5% per year for 3 years you will have pic afterward 3 years. a. If the account pays pic per 6 months and so you will have pic afte r 3 years, so you prefer pic every 6 months. b.If the account pays pic per 18 months then you will have pic after 3 years, so you prefer 5% per year. c. If the account pays pic per month then you will have pic after 3 years, so you prefer pic every month. 5-3. Many academic institutions offer a sabbatical policy. Every s regular(a) years a professor is habituated a year free of teaching and other administrative responsibilities at full pay. For a professor piddleing $70,000 per year who works for a total of 42 years, what is the present value of the amount she will earn trance on sabbatical if the provoke tramp is 6% (EAR)? Timeline 0 7 14 42 0 1 2 8 0 1 2 304 48 0. 75 % 20,092. 9 euchre 0 Thus, your remaining equalizer is $20,092. 39. If you prepay an extra $ ampere-second today, your will lower your remaining dimension to $20,092. 39 100 = $19,992. 39. Though your balance is pared, your required monthly allowance does not change. Inste ad, you will pay off the impart faster that is, it will reduce the recompenses you need to cultivate at the very end of the add. How much smaller will the final payment be? With the extra payment, the timeline changes That is, we will pay off by paying $500 per month for 47 months, and some smaller amount, $500 X, in the last month.To solve for X, recall that the PV of the remaining cash flows equals the swell balance when the loan enliven step is employd as the discount rate pic Solving for X gives pic So the final payment will be lower by $143. 14. You can also use the rente spreadsheet to determine this solution. If you prepay $100 today, and make payments of $500 for 48 months, then your final balance at the end will be a credit of $143. 14 N I PV PMT FV 48 0. 75 % 19,992. 9 -500 143. 14 (2) The extra payment effectively lets us exchange $100 today for $143. 14 in four years. We claimed that the return on this investment should be the loan interest rate. allows see if this is the case pic, so it is. Thus, you earn a 9% APR (the rate on the loan). 5-19. contract again the setting of Problem 18. Now that you make water your best investment is to prepay your student loan, you decide to prepay as much as you can each month. Looking at your budget, you can yield to pay an extra $250 per month in addition to your required monthly payments of $500, r $750 in total each month. How persistent will it point you to pay off the loan? The timeline in this case is and we want to determine the number of monthly payments N that we will need to make. That is, we need to determine what length annuity with a monthly payment of $750 has the same present value as the loan balance, using the loan interest rate as the discount rate. As we did in Chapter 4, we set the outstanding balance equal to the present value of the loan payments and solve for N. pic We can also use the annuity spreadsheet to solve for N. N I PV PMT FV 30. 02 0. 75 % 20,092. 39 750 0 So, b y prepaying the loan, we will pay off the loan in about 30 months or 2 ? years, quite an than the four years originally scheduled. Because N of 30. 02 is larger than 30, we could either increase the 30th payment by a small amount or make a very small 31st payment. We can use the annuity spreadsheet to determine the remaining balance after 30 payments. N I PV PMT FV 30 0. 75 % 20,092. 39 750 13. 86 If we make a final payment of $750. 00 + $13. 86 = $763. 86, the loan will be paid off in 30 months. 5-20. Oppenheimer Bank is offering a 30-year mortgage with an APR of 5. 25%. With this mortgage your monthly payments would be $2000 per month. In addition, Oppenheimer Bank offers you the following deal Instead of making he monthly payment of $2000 every month, you can make half the payment every two weeks (so that you will make 52 ? 2 = 26 payments per year). With this plan, how long will it take to pay off the mortgage of $150,000 if the EAR of the loan is unchanged? If we make pic ev ery 2 weeks the timeline is as follows. Timeline 0 1 2 3 Using the formula for the loan payment, pic Next we write out the cash flows with the extra payment. Timeline 2 0 1 67 18 To determine the outstanding balance we discount at the original rate, i. e. , pic pic Next we calculate the loan payment on the new mortgage. Timeline 2 0 1 2 360 The discount rate on the new loan is the new loan rate pic Using the formula for the loan payment pic b. pic c. pic (You can use trial and error or the annuity calculator to solve for N. ) d. pic (Note results may differ slightly due to rounding. ) 5-24. You have credit card debt of $25,000 that has an APR (monthly compounding) of 15%. for each one month you pay the minimum monthly payment only. You are required to pay only the outstanding interest. You have received an offer in the broadcast for an otherwise identical credit card with an APR of 12%. After considering all your alternatives, you decide to switc h cards, roll all over the outstanding balance on the sexagenarian card into the new card, and borrow additional money as well.How much can you borrow today on the new card without changing the minimum monthly payment you will be required to pay? The discount rate on the original card is pic Assuming that your current monthly payment is the interest that accrues, it equals pic Timeline 0 1 2 312. 50 312. 50 This is a perpetuity. So the amount you can borrow at the new interest rate is this cash flow discounted at the new discount rate. The new discount rate is pic So,pic So by switching credit cards you are able-bodied to spend an extra pic You do not have to pay taxes on this amount of new borrowing, so this is your after-tax benefit of switching cards. 5-25. In 1975, interest grade were 7. 85% and the rate of inflation was 12. 3% in the United States. What was the real interest rate in 1975? How would the purchasing power of your savings have changed over t he year? pic The purchasing power of your savings declined by 3. 96% over the year. 5-26. If the rate of inflation is 5%, what nominal interest rate is necessary for you to earn a 3% real interest rate on your investment? pic implies pic. Therefore, a nominal rate of 8. 15% is required. 5-27. Can the nominal interest rate available to an investor be significantly negative? (Hint Consider the interest rate earned from saving cash under the mattress. ) Can the real interest rate be negative? Explain. By holding cash, an investor earns a nominal interest rate of 0%.Since an investor can always earn at least 0%, the nominal interest rate cannot be negative. The real interest rate can be negative, however. It is negative whenever the rate of inflation exceeds the nominal interest rate. 5-28. Consider a project that requires an initial investment of $100,000 and will produce a single cash flow of $150,000 in five years. a. What is the NPV of this project if the five-year interest rate is 5% (EAR)? b. What is the NPV of this project if the five-year interest rate is 10% (EAR)? c. What is the highest five-year interest rate such that this project is still profitable? . NPV = 100,000 + 150,000 / 1. 055 = $17,529. b. NPV = 100,000 + 150,000 / 1. 105 = $6862. c. The answer is the IRR of the investment IRR = (150,000 / 100,000)1/5 1 = 8. 45%. 5-29. count the term structure of risk-free interest rates is as shown below pic a. Calculate the present value of an investment that pays $ guanine in two years and $2000 in five years for certain. b. Calculate the present value of receiving $500 per year, with certainty, at the end of the next five years. To keep the rates for the missing years in the table, linearly interpolate between the years for which ou do know the rates. (For example, the rate in year 4 would be the average of the rate in year 3 and year 5. ) c. Calculate the present value of receiving $2300 per year, with certainty, for the next 20 years. Infer rates for the missing years using linear interpolation. (Hint Use a spreadsheet. ) a. Timeline 0 1 2 3 4 5 Since the opportunity cost of capital is dissimilar for investments of distinct maturities, we must use the cost of capital associated with each cash flow as the discount rate for that cash flow. Unfortunately, we do not have a rate for a 4-year cash flow, so we linearly interpolate. pic pic c. Timeline 0 1 2 3 20 2,300 2,300 2,300 2,300 Since the opportunity cot of capital is different for investments of different maturities, we must use the cost of capital associated with each cash flow as the discount rate for that cash flow.Unfortunately, we do not have a rate for a number of years, so we linearly interpolate. pic pic pic pic 5-30. Using the term structure in Problem 29, what is the present value of an investment that pays $100 at the end of each of years 1, 2, and 3? If you wanted to value this investment correctly using the an nuity formula, which discount rate should you use? PV = 100 / 1. 0199 + 100 / 1. 02412 + 100 / 1. 02743 =$285. 61. To determine the single discount rate that would compute the value correctly, we solve the following for r PV = 285. 1 = 100/(1 + r) + 100 / (1 + r)2 + 100/(1 + r)3 = $285. 61. This is clean an IRR calculation. Using trial and error or the annuity calculator, r = 2. 50%. Note that this rate is between the 1, 2, and 3-yr rates given. 5-31. What is the shape of the yield abridge given the term structure in Problem 29? What expectations are investors likely to have about future interest rates? The yield curve is increasing. This is much a sign that investors expect interest rates to rise in the future. 5-32. Suppose the current one-year interest rate is 6%.One year from now, you study the economy will start to slow and the one-year interest rate will fall to 5%. In two years, you expect the economy to be in the midst of a recession, causing the Federal Reserve to cut i nterest rates drastically and the one-year interest rate to fall to 2%. The one-year interest rate will then rise to 3% the following year, and continue to rise by 1% per year until it returns to 6%, where it will remain from then on. a. If you were certain regarding these future interest rate changes, what two-year interest rate would be consistent with these expectations? . What current term structure of interest rates, for terms of 1 to 10 years, would be consistent with these expectations? c. Plot the yield curve in this case. How does the one-year interest rate compare to the 10-year interest rate? a. The one-year interest rate is 6%. If rates fall next year to 5%, then if you reinvest at this rate over two years you would earn (1. 06)(1. 05) = 1. 113 per dollar invested. This amount corresponds to an EAR of (1. 113)1/2 1 = 5. 50% per year for two years. Thus, the two-year rate that is consistent with these expectations is 5. 0%. b. We can do the same logic for future years c . We can plot the yield curve using the EARs in (b) note that the 10-year rate is below the 1-year rate (yield curve is inverted). 5-33. Figure 5. 4 shows that Wal-Marts five-year borrowing rate is 3. 1% and GE Capitals is 10%. Which would you prefer? $500 from Wal-Mart paid today or a promise that the firm will pay you $700 in five years? Which would you choose if GE Capital offered you the same alternatives? We can use the interest rates each company must pay on a 5-year loan as the discount rate.PV for GE Capital = 700 / 1. 105 = $434. 64 $500 today, so take the money now. PV for Wal-Mart = 700 / 1. 0315 = $600. 90 $500 today, so take the promise. 5-34. Your best taxable investment opportunity has an EAR of 4%. You best nontaxable investment opportunity has an EAR of 3%. If your tax rate is 30%, which opportunity provides the high after-tax interest rate? After-tax rate = 4%(1 . 30) = 2. 8%, which is slight than your tax-free investment with pays 3%. 5-35. Your uncle Fred j ust purchased a new boat.He brags to you about the low 7% interest rate (APR, monthly compounding) he obtained from the dealer. The rate is even lower than the rate he could have obtained on his syndicate equity loan (8% APR, monthly compounding). If his tax rate is 25% and the interest on the sign of the zodiac equity loan is tax deductible, which loan is truly cheaper? After-tax cost of home equity loan is 8%(1 . 25) = 6%, which is cheaper than the dealers loan (for which interest is not tax-deductible). Thus, the home equity loan is cheaper. (Note that this could also be done in terms of EARs. ) 5-36.You are enrolling in an MBA program. To pay your tuition, you can either take out a standard student loan (so the interest payments are not tax deductible) with an EAR of 5pic or you can use a tax-deductible home equity loan with an APR (monthly) of 6%. You anticipate being in a very low tax bracket, so your tax rate will be only 15%. Which loan should you use? Using the formula t o convert an APR to an EAR pic So the home equity loan has an EAR of 6. 168%. Now since the rate on a tax deductible loan is a before-tax rate, we must convert this to an after-tax rate to compare it. picSince the student loan has a larger after tax rate, you are better off using the home equity loan. 5-37. Your best wizard consults you for investment advice. You learn that his tax rate is 35%, and he has the following current investments and debts A car loan with an outstanding balance of $5000 and a 4. 8% APR (monthly compounding) Credit cards with an outstanding balance of $10,000 and a 14. 9% APR (monthly compounding) A regular savings account with a $30,000 balance, paying a 5. 50% EAR A money market savings account with a $100,000 balance, paying a 5. 25% APR (daily compounding) A tax-deductible home equity loan with an outstanding balance of $25,000 and a 5. 0% APR (monthly compounding) a. Which savings account pays a higher after-tax interest rate? b. Should your friend use his savings to pay off any of his outstanding debts? Explain. a. The regular savings account pays 5. 5% EAR, or 5. 5%(1 . 35) = 3. 575% after tax. The money-market account pays (1 + 5. 25%/365)365 1 = 5. 39% or 5. 39%(1 . 35) = 3. 50% after tax. Therefore, the regular savings account pays a higher rate. b. Your friend should pay off the credit card loans and the car loan, since they have after-tax costs of 14. % APR and 4. 8% APR respectively, which exceed the rate earned on savings. The home equity loan should not be repaid, as its EAR = (1 + 5%/12)12 1 = 5. 12%, for an after-tax rate of only 5. 125(1 . 35) = 3. 33%, which is below the rate earned on savings. 5-38. Suppose you have outstanding debt with an 8% interest rate that can be repaid anytime, and the interest rate on U. S. Treasuries is only 5%. You plan to repay your debt using any cash that you dont invest elsewhere. Until your debt is repaid, what cost of capital should you use when evaluating a new risk-free i nvestment opportunity? Why?The discriminate cost of capital for a new risk-free investment is 8%, since you could earn 8% without risk by paying off your existing loan and avoiding interest charges. 5-39. In the summer of 2008, at Heathrow Airport in London, Bestofthebest (BB), a private company, offered a lottery to win a Ferrari or 90,000 British pounds, equivalent at the time to about $180,000. Both the Ferrari and the money, in 100 pound notes, were on display. If the U. K. interest rate was 5% per year, and the dollar interest rate was 2% per year (EARs), how much did it cost the company in dollars each month to keep the cash on display?That is, what was the opportunity cost of keeping it on display rather than in a bank account? (Ignore taxes. ) Because the prize is in pounds, we should use the pound interest rate (comparable risk). (1. 05)(1/12) 1 = . 4074%. 0. 4074% x 90k = 366. 7 pounds per month, or $733 per month at the current exchange rate. 5-40. You firm is consideri ng the purchase of a new office phone system. You can either pay $32,000 now, or $ curtilage per month for 36 months. a. Suppose your firm currently borrows at a rate of 6% per year (APR with monthly compounding).Which payment plan is more sweet? b. Suppose your firm currently borrows at a rate of 18% per year (APR with monthly compounding). Which payment plan would be more attractive in this case? a. The payments are as risky as the firms other debt. So opportunity cost = debt rate. PV(36 month annuity of 1000 at 6%/12 per month) = $32,871. So pay cash. b. PV(annuity at 18%/12 per mo) = $27,661. So pay over time. 47 500 0 2 500 1 500 48 500 47 500 0 19,992. 39 2 500 1 500 48 (500 X) N -750 0 20,092. 39 2 -750 1 -750 pic

Essay on the Book Theif

Deserves a place on the same shelf with The Diary of a Young Girl by Anne Frank Poised to become a classic. - USA Today on The platter raider. I think next years incoming freshmen should read The Book bandit by Markus Zusak because of the unique agency the book was written, showing the power of words. Within this essay I will write or so the symbolization in the book. I will write about the narrator. I will also write about my personal experience with one of the characters. The symbolism within the book gives a unique perspective. The book uses symbolism when the narrator says That last time. That red sky found on rascal 19 in The Book Thief. The narrator explains that the sky was red. He explains the emotion or feeling that was going on through color. Zusak shows the power of words throughout the book, especially when the character liquid ecstasy writes The Word Shaker. Death was the narrator of The Book Thief which made the book much more intriguing to me as a reader. If th e book were to be narrated by anyone else it wouldnt turn over been able to flow as well. It would have not been able to tell what exactly happened to Max, or Liesel, or any other character. How when Death realizes Rudy dies he says the boy from the plane, I thought.The one with the teddy bear. Where was his pouf? Where was someone to alleviate this robbery of his life? Who was there to sooth him as lifes rug was snatched from under his sleeping feet? No one. There was only me. found on page 531 in The Book Thief. I think it is very touching to read that even Death is sad about Rudys death. Also if the book wasnt narrated the way it was because it wouldnt had been as memorable. Maxs book, The Word Shaker had a powerful effect on me as I read the book. The way Max says that Liesels words are stronger than Hitlers. Max says that Liesels words are like a tree.The tree grows strong and tall until one day she gets off of the tree and lets the people chop it heap. When it is chopped down the words kill all the bad trees and makes people realize how strong words can be. I think that next years incoming freshmen should read The Book Thief because of the unique way the book was written, showing the power of words. The symbolism within the book gives a unique perspective. Death was the narrator of The Book Thief which made the book much more intriguing to me as a reader. Maxs book, The Word Shaker had a powerful effect on me as I read the book.

Exam on inpatient and outpatient codinhg Essay

1. The triplet goals of the Physicians Payment Reform are to decrease Medicare expenditures. As well as redistribute physicians payments more equitably. Also to ensure quality health care at a reasonable rate.2. I would use modifier -57, decision for surgery with the E/M compute for this case. Due to the E/M process and the decision for surgery were made earlier that same day.3. There are three components of the coition value unit the first component is work, which is the amount of time, the intensity of effort and the technical expertise required for the physician to rear the service. The second would be the smash component also known as the practice expense, it is identified as the allocation of cost associated with the physicians practice (ex. Staffing) that must be expended in order to provide a service. The third component is malpractice and is identified as the cost of the medical malpractice insurance coverage/ risk associated with providing the service.4. People age 65 and older, along with patients who are experiencing end-stage renal disease are both eligible for Medicare. As well as people who are eligible for disability benefits from social security, they are besides covered by the Medicare program.5. To find the main terms in the index of the CPT you must use these basic location methods, you must search by the service or the procedure, the anatomic site, condition or disease. You also could use synonyms, eponyms or abbreviations to find main terms in the index.6. The E/M code 99253 would be used to report an initial impatient consultation. With a detailed history and exam along with a MDM of low complexity.7. There are some elements when considering the correct E/M code. There are four elements of history which include chief complaint, history of present illness, as well as brushup of symptoms and past, family, and/or social history.8. The complexity of medical decision making is base doff of three elements which are the number of diagno sis or management options. These options drive out be minimal, limited, multiple or extensive. The nest element is the amount and/or the complexity of data to review. The data can be minimal or none, limited, domesticize or extensive. The last element of medical decision making is the risk of complication or death if the condition goes untreated. This risk can be minimal, low, tally or high.9. The correct CPT code is 99214 due to the detailed history. As well as the detailed exam and a MDM of moderate complexity.10. There are three key components present in every patients case except counseling encounters and/or time based codes. The three components are the history, the take of examination, the level of medical decision making. These components allow us coders to choose the appropriate level of service.

All Quiet on the Western Front Essay

In the novel All Quiet on the Western Front by Erich Maria Remarque, the important persona Paul Bumers development shows the horrors of the First World War and the effect it had on the young men who fought in it. Paul Bumer is the main character whom is 19 years old, Bumer volunteered for the army a dour side four of his classmates. Some parts in the novel is written in onetime(prenominal) tense when Paul Bumer is collecting his thoughts. Most of the novel is written in Present tense. During the novel we see Paul Bumer changing as a person, he has just left school and is a young boy with no experiences. By the end of this novel end even fractional way through he had become a well experienced man.Paul Bumer is the main character and also the narrator. At just nineteen years of age, Bumer volunteers for the German Army. Before war is a young creative and passionate person who had lots of love for his family. As the war went on Bumer changed as a person. Bumer and four of his clas smates joined because they felt it was their patriotic duty. After a while of being in the trenches Bumer starts to guide visions of being in Kantoreks class as he gave his great iron youth speech. He soon realises Kantorich persuaded the class to join.During the drill time Kantorek gave us long lectures until the whole of our class went under his shepherding to the District Commandant and volunteered.Bumer felt he was doing right by his country but he soon feels he cant tell eachone about his experience in the army and where his families atomic number 18 c formerlyrned he feels corresponding an outsider. People like Kantorek are hypocrites, urge young pupils to join up whilst not volunteering himself.Kemmerich dies. This is the foremost death we experience as readers in the novel which is truly upsetting.I became faint, all at once I can not do anymore He is dead. The typeface is still wet from the tears. The eyes are half open and yellow like old horn buttons.Bumer feels up set and dark inside, he has just lost his best colleague, and they grew up together, school buddies. He is almost like a brother to Bumer. I feel sorry for Bumer at this point in the novel because I would hate to lose any of my friends or classmates if I was in the army because I think you would need a lot of friends and good people around to keep your spirits high.This is one of Bumers most important memories because they got revenge on Himmelstoss. Himmelstoss was a postman before he enlisted in the war. He is a corporal who trains the recruits. Himmelstoss likes punishing the young recruits and is actually irate and strict.Tjaden wets his cheat Himmelstoss maintained that it was sheer laziness and invented a method worthy of himself for curing Tjaden with mattress of wire netting.The young men ended up poorly(predicate) or with the cold because of this they ended up sleeping on the floor. Bumer and his friends got revenge by getting him from behind with a big white bed sheet and they covered his mouth with a pillow so he could not scream. Tjaden pulled down Himmelstoss trousers with a whip in his mouth. The training pack is harsh and full of sadness, I would not like to be there. Baume describes the front line as a mysterious whirlpool.I am in still body of water far away from its center. I feel the whirl of the vortex sucking e slowly, irresistibly, inescapably into itself.The front line is a line along which apposing armies face each other and is horrific because you are face to face and it is very hard to stay quick.Bumer feels different from everyone else in his hometown because he feels he is different, they are different. He has been away for so long he does not feel at home anymore. Hes not just a boy anymore, hes now a man. I feel so much respect for Bumer by this stage because he has done so well and all army men deserve respect.When Bumer returns home from leave he feels obliged to volunteer for a dangerous night patrol. Whilst in No-Mans Land Bumer gets lost. Paul hides in a shell hole but a bomb goes off behind him when he is alone.This is the first time I have killed with my handsBumer feels so guilty for killing the French man. He starts to think about the French mans life and his family.If solo he had run two yards further to the left, he might now be sitting in the trench over there and writing a letter to his wife.This changes Bumers character for the better because he now realises how precious life is. Bumer feels hatred against the war and realises its a bad thing. I personally think war should be illegal because what is the point in killing human beings for victory. I dont think thats a victory, its a crime to kill. If we are not at war you would be sent to prison and just because its war that makes it ok?The situation has got a lot worse for the German Army by this late stage in the Novel. In this part Bumer and Katazinsky are the last two soldiers alive from all the characters whom were introduced at th e beginning of the Novel. Kat gets hit by a shrapnel at this point leaving him with a smashed shin. Bumer carried him back to camp on his back, only to discover on their arrival that a splinter had hit Kat on the back of the head and killed him on the way. Kats death makes Bumer careless to weather he dies in war or not and also he can now face the rest of his life without any fear.I feel sorry for Bumer at this point because he must feel so alone.Bumer is now alone without a friend in the trenches because the war has make upn all of them away and now Bumer is all alone.Let the months and years come, they can take nothing from me, they can take nothing more. I am so alone, and so without hope that I can confront them without fear.At the end of the novel Bumer is careless of his life. He has changed dramatically since the beginning. At the beginning Paul was a young boy with lots of dreams, now he is a man who is careless. I feel very lucky that none of my family died during the war and its a very emotional thing to go into.This book is important and should be read by future tense generations to show how life was and that they should realise how life was and that they should notice how lucky they are. This book makes you have so much for our soldiers.

Thomson (Easysource) : Development of an E-Procurement System

What business is the organization in? Thomson is a French company, created in 1883, whose principal(prenominal) office are in Issy les Moulineaux, near Paris. It is specialized in the conception and the manufacturing of digital images and videos systems. The company developed itself in the world to be present in several(predicate) countries, much(prenominal) as Italy, India, China, Spain, USA, Belgium and UK. It has about 73 000 employees dispatched over 230 sites, including more than 60 factories. Its sites are distributed around 10 countries but the company sells its goods and services to 100 countries.We tin also notice that Thomson is a real leader in the innovation system, as it owns 35 000 patents worldwide representing around 6 000 inventions. The group sells its products and services through 4 major brands which are Thomson, RCA, Grass Valley and Technicolor. The 2 last brands allowed the company to take advantage of the digital technologys global transmutation In the late 80s and the early 90s, Thomson was dedicated to Electronic oriented activities for both everyone and activities oriented to professional.After different plans of restructuration and reorganization, in 1997, Thomson decided to focus on the production of tombstone components and electronic products (representing about 98% of its turnover). Since 2000, the company opens to the Medias and entertainment industry focusing on creation, management and content distribution. Thomsons aim is about becoming a leading worldwide group of integrated solutions for media and entertainment industries. In order to gather this goal, Thomson decided to turn to e-procurement in 2001. What products are bought via e-procurement?In order to fountainhead understand the company we are going to develop the main purchases operated by the group. We have the production purchases (such as the electronic components, material and so one), that represents 70% of the count purchases. Then, we have the non-produ ction purchases (maintenance, transportation and so one). Thomson developed its e-procurement system, with EasySource, around this second kind of purchases. Indeed, non- production purchases are divided as follow oNon-production purchases outside EasySource Licenses, Guarantees, Customer Marketing, Other. Non-production purchases at heart EasySource oTransport, oEnergy, oSoftware, oIT and Telecoms, oProperty and tenant services, oExternal services, oMarketing, communication and advertising, oManufacturing supply, oInvestment, oTravel oOther So, those non-production purchases are items that are difficult to manage for companies as they are really diversified and need to be well analyzed. As a consequence they are very costly as they need competent people to deal with them and quite a lot of people due to their diversification. That is wherefore Thomson has recourse to e-procurement with EasySource for such purchasesWhat savings were realized? The following shows that the solution a t its completion should bring 150 billion of euros EasySource allows Thomson to save around 80 million per year. First, we can look at the following table showing us a few results from before and after the use of EasySource by Thomson Before EasySourceAfter EasySource sprightly suppliers per vendee10050 Percentage of active suppliers approved by the State10,0%100,0% Percentage of purchases generated with small suppliers40,0%10,0% Percentage of transactions via e-commerce3,0%60,0% Percentage of purchases under agreements50,0%95,0%Number of suppliers for indirect purchases360007000 % of indirect suppliers which represent 90% of the total amount of purchases30,0%10,0% Such data easily show us the great impact that Easysource had on the company. For example the number of active supplier per buyer was divided by 2. Moreover, Transactions via e-commerce went up from 3% to 60%. E-commerce is much more profitable to company as it cost much less than traditional commerce. How were those savings realized? By implementing EasySource, Thomson developed a unique centralized tool for every user that brings important savings for the company.There are 3 main points that explain how those saving were realized. The first one is the control of the purchase condition. Indeed, it is easier to explain et order exactly what you want, avoiding mistakes. You can also negotiate ask to different suppliers and chance upon which one offer you the best program. Then, you have a global improvement of the running. As everything is taking place on a unique platform, it is easier to make veritable for example that you can have what needed or to compare the products through different suppliers.Finally, last but not least, the system allows the improvement of the productivity such as the reduction of the number of suppliers. And it make it easier to change of suppliers when findings others more profitable. EasySource was first develop in 2001 and followed 3 measuring rods. The Pilot phas e was quick as it cherished to show that the concept was realistic and would bring many advantages to the company. It was also to see and learn how he system worked. So, Thomson developed the process on 3 observe areas (Asia, Europe and America) and enrolled the 10 major suppliers of each of those areas.The second phase was the large-scale deployment phase aiming to develop the solution worldwide. It lead 3 stages at the same clipping implementing he concept on 110 sites, massive enrollment of the suppliers while rationalizing and focusing on ad hoc purchasing rather than catalogue purchasing. Finally, the last step was the capitalization and user adoption phase that allow EasySource to become today the common and unique solution for non-production purchases. For this final stage the main point was to impel everyone to use EasySource for their transactions and to improve the use rate per family of product.To conclude all those points allow a better understanding and following o f the purchases. In other words, it centre a gain about money through the reduction of management costs and the negotiation and validation processes What problems occurred during the implementation process? The major problem set about by the company, while implementing the process, was to catalogue all the suppliers. Indeed, the suppliers for non-production purchases are numerous and complex due to the large panel of family products.Then another problem that occurred was the access to the networks and to Internet. It might was already present on some areas, but it was also needed all over the world where the company is present. So, Thomson had to modernize its network infrastructures, as it was the first discharge of some intranet database for the group. Thomson also add to inform both its workforce, suppliers and buyer to its new system. This problem was easily compensated thanks to a strong communication scheme and a real effort to get the portal o be easily used and understoo d by its users.

Concerts Across Time

Music Is the heart of culture and has affected people In more slipway than the average psyche poop have on someone. It can take you on a jaunt or help bring closure to a(n) ending journey. Music has always done this through the changes in time and the persona behind the melody. Music will always grasp the changing cultures heart base on the time goal. Baroque medical specialty is different from what todays culture would call popular unison. The role of music concerts is also something to be studied further in the paper as well.People who attended Baroque concerts whitethorn precise well differ from the people who attend todays rock candy concerts. Then we cannot forget the impact that technology has had on music of the past and the present. Baroque music can be classified ad as a dramatic style of music per Webster Dictionary. The concert I chose to listen to was Monteverdi Amour Sacra, Amour Profane. This piece was very beautiful and touching. I enjoyed It more than mor e than I thought I would have considering I even never really listened to his music, though I have listened to various other classical composers of the Baroque period.The reason out that I enjoyed this concert was because of the ensemble for one. The vocals were very beautiful and relaxing and made me feel at stop with the world around me. Parts of the music made me want to bound in a ballroom wearing a outsize fancy gown. Other move of the concert made me think of life-time as it were back then and wonder what it wouldve been like to be there in person and surveil the actual performance. On another note popular music deals with music that Is popular to todays society. For this concert, I chose a concert performed by Evanescence which was posted on Youth.This concert was definitely not a favorite. Though I am familiar with some of their earlier works, this concert was not exactly something to put the mind at ease, It was more of pumping up the crowd and a little dark. The vo cals could not be heard as all the way as the previous concert and the tone was definitely a bit darker. So overall I did not enjoy this concert as much as I did the performers of the Baroque music. There are various similarities and differences amongst the two genres of music. The role of concerts from both the Baroque period and now are similar in that they re for entertainment.Back in the Baroque time period music was performed at churches or for the King and queen or for anyone who could afford such an event. Almost like concerts today that are held for anyone that will be unforced to pay versus on the button the rich and noble. The people that attend todays rock concerts however are ecumenicly classified as memo, Goth, skaters, snowboarders, rock and roll fans and the list could go on. If we look at popular music as a whole however, everyone who Is anyone will attend a concert. The basis for this Is that It depends on what type of USIA a person likes.Someone who attends a rock concert might not attend a Jazz concert, it all just depends whereas in the Baroque period concerts were held to a The instruments from both of these concerts were complete opposite of individually other much like the difference between Baroque music and popular music. Though they have many parts that are necessary to the sound of the music, they are very different in the instruments selected. In the Baroque period instruments such as the cello, harpsichord, violin and many others were a major part of the ensemble.In todays music instruments can deepen from one essential piece such as the keyboard to a whole band such as in the Baroque period. It very well depends on the style but in the essence of rock music there are only four major players needed such as the freshwater bass guitar, electric guitar, the drums and a vocalist. The people that attend these concerts also create a different setting and imagination in itself. Other differences include the sound of the music. Ba roque music overall offers a sense of recreation or excitement. In some cases it makes one want to dance with a partner in a ballroom setting.Popular music on the other hand can make one want to dance alone or with someone. It can be at home or at a club. The feelings created can range from anger to peacefulness. It cannot be categorized into one overall concept or idea. In general both Baroque and popular music speak to the crowd attending the concert. They can both head in a crowd and be performed on stage. The locations however may vary. One may be performed in a church setting where another will be performed live at a theater or other venue. Overall one could say that people attend concerts to feel good, to forgather their favorite artist or to Just go with the in crowd.People attend concerts for many different reasons and each person has a personal reason for attending a concert. With the advance in technology music will always be constantly changing. People today can make m usic from their homes on their computers and then post it to the web and become an instant hit or a slow sorrowful one. The change in technology has allowed us as a society to count the next big artist from home, to create new sounds with the touch of a button. It has created the ability to download software and share USIA with our friends and family.Technology allows us to be at concerts and share videos of the concerts with anyone we know. Technology will continually have an impact on music because more people are tuning in. More people want music on bespeak and at the touch of a few buttons can watch concerts live from the consorts of their home. Technology is changing everything and everyone is seek to keep up as music making applications are brought to our mobile phones. Technology has made it feasible for music to be everywhere at one time with each person enjoying hat they esteem most about music.

Letter Form a Birmingham Jail Mlk

Oppressed signatures No longer Dr. Martin Luther King younger was incarcerated after fighting for his rights in a nonviolent peaceful expostulation to fight, exercising the first amendment of the Bill of Rights, and the Freedom of speech an automatic effrontery for those who do non harp of glum skin. In response, Dr. King wrote a flop letter to the genuine clergymen announcing his strong opinions and beliefs toward segregation, discrimination, and racism. Dr.Martin Luther King junior executed such an overwhelming percentage of writing expressing the poor handling of African Americans, the explanations of his actions, and his opinions regarding a neat and better government. He expressed his desire and faith for the greater good and change in this letter with the use of emotional appeals such as imagery, diction, and descriptions of his harsh personal experiences regarding segregation and discrimination because of his skin color.Paragraphs 14 and 15 consists of emotional twis ts from un solely laws and release a combination of emotional and harsh events from the African Americans reality that bring the reader into their perspective from a hated level. In these paragraphs, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. gets more than personal and specific about the harsh treatment of African Americans and personal experiences regarding their harsh reality. mental imagery shows all throughout this paragraph to create powerful and tear quenching emotions from the reader to get you to at least slightly understand their perspective.Dr. King immensely expresses what non further he, scarce all African Americans ar and reserve been sack through. He is able to paint a picture in the readers laissez passer of the abuse, pain, and hatred they have felt. But when you have seen roughshod mobs lynch your mothers and fathers at entrust and drown your sisters and brothers at whim when you have seen hate filled policemen curse, kick, and even kill your black brothers and sisters when you see the vast volume of your twenty million Negro brothers suffocative in an airtight cage of poverty in the thick of an affluent society(218).All I see is hate filled police and Caucasians with beat back in their face causing undeserving pain to people that only have sensation leaving their skin color. Although I was not there to personally experience this torment, Dr. King is able to with chuff my emotions with yet the truth, and put me on his side. His picture withdrew disgust and angriness for what our society is and how human beings can be. That little piece of the actual paragraph is just a glimpse. Dr. King goes on and on about their mistreatment.They are not just pained physically, but they are also haunted emotionally and mentally as well, When you are harried by day and haunted by night by the fact that you are a Negro, living in constantly tiptoe stance, never quite knowing what to expect next, and are plagued with informal fears and outer resentments when you are forever fighting a degenerating sense of nobodiness (218). Personally, feeling alone and insignificant is one of my worst fears about life, and Dr. King along with twenty million others suffered from this feeling for centuries.Imagery was able to capture my enough attention in this paragraph, allowed me to see a glimpse of their pain, suffering, and mistreatment. With the powerful impact of imagery in these paragraphs, it surely wasnt the only strategy he used. Diction was an immeasurable aspect of this paragraph. The structure of Dr. Kings vocabulary was eloquent and delivered in such a structured, skillful manner that he was able to draw tear-filled emotions to his audience. He used words such as curse, kick, lynch, kill, smothering, humiliated, and despair.These words are able to describe to the reader of the completely atrocious counsel people treated each other because of such an insignificant matter, the difference in skin color. exactly reading these chosen words and how well it played with imagery, I winced. Using diction is shown to be powerful in this case because if Dr. King were to have only said, mistreatment, abuse, or discriminated, it would not have move back as much emotion from his audience at the time and the readers now.His in detail descriptions of his barbaric treatment and personal experiences is the most influential and compelling strategy in paragraph 14 and 15. The disturbing events that occurred in that time period showed how cruel mankind to be. Dr. King shares experiences such as relieveing to his children their harsh realities at that importation in time When you suddenly find your tongue twisted and your speech stammering as you seek to explain to your six year old daughter why she cant go to the public delight park that has just been advertised on television, and see tears welling up in her yes when she is told that Funtown is closed to colored children, and see ominous clouds of inferiority beginning to form in her little mental skyWhen you have to concoct an answer for a five year old son who is asking Daddy, why do white people treat colored people so mean? (218). Children are thought to be so innocent, pure from hatred, and chance giving and then when their little hearts are corrupted to hold they are less than someone else, and they feel like they are in a world luxuriant of hurt, what are they to do then?Dr. King also shares his bleak experiences of witnessing that hatred be performed with murder and being denied what is thought of as automatic rights. These personal experiences not only keep your nose to the paper, but it is fearful to know the easy capabilities we hold as human beings to torment others for little things not only mentally, but physically, to the point of taking their lives completely away from them.These lives contractn lived a life where they were beaten and never shown the feeling of whole freedom and life without hypothetical chains. Dr. King was able to use these experiences to squeeze emotions out of his audience. They not only described their cold facts, but it brought me to his level of understanding and on his side. Dr. King did more than just simply explain their experience. Dr.King described that they have been waiting for more than 340 years for their constitutional and God given rights and watching other nations such as Asia and Africa move with jetlike speed toward gaining political independence, but how the fall in States was still creeping at horse and buggy pace toward gaining a cup of coffee at a lunch counter (217). He talked about how it was appalling for someone who never had to watch vicious mobs lynch your mothers and fathers at will and drown your sisters and brothers at whim (218) to say, Wait. That with everything they have been through, they cannot and will not assume it any longer. He strongly felt that this could happen no longer, and that if it took disobeying unjust laws (218) then he would. These paragraphs proven to be a monumental breakthrough for this letter. He described how he wasnt going to take it any longer. After a lifetime of witnessing hate, ignorance, and abuse, personally being discriminated and segregated against for his skin color, and being thrown in jail for peacefully protesting, exercising the first mendment, he was still standing strong in his beliefs, not backing down. He was able to persevere through so much, and he wasnt going to stop until his point was being made and change was happening. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was able to execute these righteous paragraphs through emotional appeals (diction, imagery, and personal experiences) to minimally just slightly understand what he has been through, and that he will not back down or tolerate it any longer.His cruel reality was not the only thing to breakthrough his audiences exterior but his strong will and genuine personality was able to get down a huge impact. Through everything, and only being shown hate and v iolence, he retaliated with calmness, peaceful protests, and nonviolent maneuvers. This was more than the rest of the human race was able to do. After that, Dr. Martin Luther King deserves all the respect in the world.

Business Ethics Reflection

When single is faced with ethical dilemmas he or she needs to look at the situation as a whole and localise what the outcome of the situation would be and to whom it may effect. As I remember facing a dilemma when asked to write this paper what came to mind was meetn to decide how I was going to confront a first mate employee on k at one timeing that she was stealing money and that she was abusing our intimacy by coming into work late on a regular basis. She was a single mom of one and was struggling to make ends meet besides that gave her no right to steal from the company and do non make it right to bring value of our intimacy.My dilemma was that of having to report her. This person took advantage of our friendship while working together and to me that makes it harder at generation to report a person to those of authority. I looked at her situation but that did not make me transfer my mind to report her. First, I made sure that it was her taking the money and I monito red the money for a week to determine about how much she was taking from the register so that I was able to have something to follow up on when I reported her.I then went to my supervisor and reported the calamity and asked that we both sit down and talk to her and explain what we know and how we know of her stealing money from the register. aft(prenominal) the sit down with this employee we let her know that there were consequences of her actions and that she was going to have to be let go from the company. We could have pressed charges against her but we chose not to since the amount of money was not a astronomic amount. The incorrupt issue in this dilemma is that of a person taking advantage of ones friendship and that of losing a close friend.This person put our being friends on the line and looked at our friendship as it was okay to take the money and that nothing would happen to her since we were friends. The issue I had to face here was that of our friendship and how it w ould affect our families and then I had the obligation of being the office conductor of reporting her since I was the one in charge of the office and responsible of what goes on in there. I as the office manager had to make my priorities to the company since her taking money could possible affect business.Yes, the money was not a large amount but after taking money for a number of days or weeks it could potentially affect profits. This person to me did not value our friendship by doing what she did because if she had she would have not put me in that situation in the first place. She did not value our friendship and she did not value her job and not to mention the position that she had put me in. Also she did not value the job that she had and put her family in vituperate by possibly being sent to jail for stealing.To me she did not think that she had to follow the rules of the company and that she even though she did get caught was sorry but was she sorry for get caught or was sh e sorry she was losing her means of getting extra money? I am not as close to this person anymore because if she could do that then whos to say she would not purify to steal from me and my family? Social pressure does affect how concourse put themselves in certain situations when it comes to business. This person used her struggling to raise a child on her own to think that it was alright to steal money to make ends meet.Instead of going to the boss and petition for extra hours or even a raise to make more money she decided to take it in to her own hands and to steal money. With how expensive it is now-a-days to make ends meet people do things that they would not normally do such as stealing but that does not make them morally right. If I were to be faced with this cause of situation again I think I would have make the same thing and reported it to the proper authorities. I would not want to put my job on the line to make sure a friendship stayed intact.I would have probably t ry to jibe warning signs and ask that person if there was anything I could do to help out or try to get that person more hours at work. I work from home so right now I am not put in situations such as that but thinking fundament I would most definitely take the same actions. I would also make sure not to work closely with good friends so that I am not put in such a situation. Keeping a working relationship but not one of a friendly relationship outside of work will help to keep me from having to be put in the type of dilemma.