Review of Chart of Accounts †Philippines Essay

Review of Chart of Accounts – Philippines Questions and Suggested Answers 1. In China GAAP, the bonds or stocks purchased are categorized as â€Å"Held-for-trading† or â€Å"Available for sale† or â€Å"Long term investment†, based on the purpose of purchase. Does Philippine GAAP have similar categorization? Philippine client want to separate the marketable securities to current or non-current, it means short or long term, right? Answer: The Philippine Financial Reporting Standards (PFRS) [based from International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS)] classifies â€Å"Investment in Bonds† and â€Å"Investments in Stocks† as financial assets. For this purpose, investments in bonds or stocks are classified as: ? Trading securities (debt or equity securities) o o ? ? â€Å"Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss† by requirement â€Å"Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss† by designation Available-for-sale securities (debt or equity securities) Held-to-maturity securities (debt securities only) These investments are classified as either current (short-tem) or noncurrent (long-term) assets. The account name â€Å"Long-term investment† is not among the financial assets classification in PFRS. Current investments are investments that are by their very nature are readily realizable and are intended to be held for not more than one year. Debt Trading securities Available-forsale v v Equity v v Current v Noncurrent Current or Noncurrent v – Maybe classified as current or noncurrent depending on whether they are intended to be held within one year or for more than one year v Held-tomaturity v 2 For instance, trading securities are normally classified as current assets because these investments are expected to be realized within twelve (12) of the balance sheet date. Noncurrent financial assets are investments other than current investments. This residual definition means that the noncurrent investments are intended to be held for more than one year or are not expected to be realized within twelve months after the end of the reporting period. Trading Securities or Held-for-trading Securities The first category of financial assets under PAS 39 is called â€Å"financial assets at fair value through profit or loss†. This category includes two types of financial assets, they are: A. Financial assets that are held for trading or popularly known as â€Å"trading securities

Assessment on Communication Skills in the Area of Speaking and Writing Essay

People talk face to face, and they listen to each other. They write emails and reports and read the documents that are sent to them Human beings are communicating. In both decoding and encoding messages, people spend almost 70% of communication time as speakers. (Jaime Gutierrez-Ang 2009). Communication is two way process by which information is exchanged between or among individuals through a common system of symbols, science and behavior (Martinez 1) Being a two way process, communication occurs in a orderly and systematic sequence wherein human beings are able to see and hear what transpires in their environment. As a process, communication is dynamic, adaptive and continuous. Being a survival mechanism, communication helps us develop to be unique persons, relating and cooperating with others. It satisfies our physical, ego, social and practical needs. It is indeed essential in life. (Mely M. Padilla et.al 2003) Speaking and writing are skills that have similarities. Both require the use of language symbols to express needs and feelings, they are both governed by the rules of semantics and syntax. Both are also expected to achieve communicative purpose- a degree of understanding, common knowledge and shared expectations. In speech, we monitor what we say by listening to the revised or connected ideas, while in writing, we monitor what we write by reading and rereading. Furthermore, the speaker and the writer should be able to determine how simple or complex and formal the statements should be. But there are differences in speaking and writing too. Writing differs in speech in several ways. According to Vygotsky ,e.f Hughey 1983, composing a written discourse is a â€Å"separate linguistic function differing from oral speech in both structure and mode of functioning. Even its minimal development requires a high level of abstraction†. Writing is significantly different from speaking because writing requires a more complex and difficult discourse. (Saymo, 2004.) In reflecting upon and surfing out communication skills, then think of communication as ways and means of gathering and relying information, and think of information as what there is to be gathered by any means that is consider the widest range of writing and speaking as you consider your communication skills. In relevance to the Department of College of Education, Communication skills of the students have to be enhanced. The researchers encouraged the department that through Speech Laboratory to measure the speaking skills of the students as well as the writing skills where in the teachers can identify where the strength of the students and of the their weaknesses are in the components communication skills in the area of speaking and writing. It is also an instrument to detect students’ potential in speech so that it can be developed and can be a product of the department in the area of speaking and writing. The researchers look forward for the program that can be developed based on the results of the study. It will be a universal program for the teachers to have the better and effective instructional materials. The researchers foresee the unbiased treatment of the teachers towards the students through the help of universal program. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM This study aims to determine the levels of communication skills of BEED Gen.Ed freshmen students of Carlos Hilado Memorial State College for the first semester academic year 2013-2014 as Basis for Program Development. Specifically, it will aim to answer the following specific questions. 1. What are the levels of Communication Skills of BEED Gen. Ed freshmen students in the area of speaking and writing when they are grouped according to: a) School Graduated b) Mental Ability c) Parents’ Educational Attainment 2. What are the difficulties in the components of Communication Skills of BEED Gen. Ed freshmen students when they are grouped according to: a) School Graduated b) Mental Ability c) Parents’ Educational Attainment 3. Is there a significant difference on the level of communication skills in the area of speaking and writing when they are compared according to: a) School Graduated b) Mental Ability c) Parents’ Educational Attainment 4. Based on the results, what program should be developed? HYPOTHESIS There is no significant difference on the level of communication skills of BEED Gen. Ed. freshmen students in the area of speaking and writing when they compared according to where school they graduated, mental ability and what their parents’ educational attainment. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK Communication is the way to learn the person. If he is to be deprived of the chance to communicate with others, he should have sense of identity. It is through communication that one gets the chance for affirmation of self-concept and sharing of views about a variety of things among others. People relate socially with each other through communication. Personal communication is essential for a person’s well-being. Sufficiency or absence of communication has a bearing on one’s state of physical health. For one, stress is heightened or dissipated depending on communication or lack of it and the nature of its content. So as being a two-way process, communication occurs in an orderly and systematic sequence where in human beings are able to see and hear transpires in their environment (William Schutz). These statements emphasize the importance of communication in different area of human needs. Communication is very essential because human being develops their capability to speak through interaction with others. Especially the children ages 1-5, they are great imitators. They observe the actions of their parents, brother and sister, playmates and others. They tend to discover the words by their own through observation. According to George T. Wilkins Speech is the most important of all means of communication. In the great government politics, and in the expression of our own democratic rights, speech is also most important. Good speech is essential to participate in democracy. As to the students, speech can help express their feelings. It can help through participating in classroom discussions, reciting in classroom activities and reporting assigned tasks. Effectiveness in speaking is a climb to a ladder of seven steps (Eugine E. White and Claire K. Neudelider). The quote stated that the speaker should first analyze and know the audience that will listen. In connection to the communication skills assessment, the students that have difficulties in speaking will assess by the recommendations and develop program that this study aims to achieve. For further information, communication is the KEY which unlocks all the doors to a successful and fulfilling school life experience, to getting cooperation with your students, that allows us to feel understood, for resolving conflicts between teachers and students, to let students know what your needs are and how best to meet those needs, to fewer conflicts in the classroom and in the playground, to building self-confidence and self-esteem, to feeling listened to by your students, mutual respect in the classroom, to less resistance and more cooperation, to everyone feeling safe to be themselves and to have more fun in the classroom. (http://sydney.edu.au/science/uniserve_science/projects/skills/jantrial/communication/communication.htm) . These only prove that communication is really very important in life especially in the teaching and learning process. It is the key to open the teacher and student mind and their capabilities to speak and write well. C

Truancy Among Students

As growing age, truancy is not a new phenomenon in Malaysia. According to dictionary, truancy means act or condition of being absent without permission. It also means any intentional unauthorized absence from compulsory schooling. (Pearson Education Limited). Truancy happens because students have no interest in studies. A very strict teacher also affected the interest of student. Apart from that the subject taught was too boring or difficult but they have to take the subject for examination.In addition, most of student thinks truancy is best way to run away from any problems life. This leads to immoral activities such as vandalism, burglary, substance abuse and gang activity. Thus, to avoid the truancy become more critical issue among Malaysian school students the Ministry of Education have to take action by solving this problem. How do they solve it? There are suggestions to reduce truancy are the ministry have to enhance skill of teaching, counselling service and organize lectures and campaign.Teacher needs to improve their skill of teaching so that the students will enjoy every moment in the class as problem of truancy can be prevent. In other hands, teacher should make class more interesting. In the class teacher is not only use the text book as material but also make a video or fun activities because our brain easily get bored and tired of monotone learning. Therefore when students learn something with enjoyable it will immediately store in long term memory and students were able to understand.Teacher should give students chance to voice out their opinion in the class. So that teacher is not talking much alone when there are two-way communication between students and teacher. This make a process of learning were help students succeed in school as truancy will be decreased. In the nutshell truancy become a top issue among Malaysian students in order produce a great future generation. According to a survey conducted by ministry, 58. 5 per cent of truancy cas es last year involved student in rural areas as compared with 41. 45 per cent in cities. This affected the increasing rates of discipline problems in schools. However, there are strategies to reduce truancy whereas the ministry take part overcome this problem by enhance skill of teaching, counselling service and organize lectures and campaign. Reference: 1) Kgsilou. blogspot. com/2012/03/truancy-among-school-children-rampant. html 2) Pearson Education Limited

Placement Portfolio and Interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Placement Portfolio and Interview - Essay Example The company’s focus on e-Learning is interesting, e-Learning is a diverse form of learning and teaching, whether it be via CD, the Internet, or shared files on a network (Educational Resources, Apr 2006). It may be because the training curricula will be available to Saudi Aramco’s international employees or it may be because the position is a flexible one, applicable even for someone living outside of Saudi Arabia. If this is the case, the position will be highly sought after. If not, my nationality and education will make me an attractive applicant. I am a Saudi who is fluent in both Arabic and English. I have a diploma in Information Technology and I have studied databases and SQL language at the Community College as well as administrative Sciences and multimedia. I have experience in management and communication, gained at an education company I worked at in Saudi Arabia. After I finished high school in 2004, I went on to study computing network at the Communication College. I then followed a computer Major linked to management. To do this I moved to Abha City and completed a Diploma in Information Technology at the King Khalid University. Here, I obtained general knowledge about comparisons between computing and management through modules such as introduction to database, visual basic and programming. After graduation, the University sent me to an education company that was associated with the ministry of higher education, in Saudi Arabia. I worked there for three months and gained some key management and communication skills. I then moved to Brighton, England in August 2009 and completed a 10-month intensive English course before being awarded a position at the University of Derby to begin a fulltime Bachelor of Science Degree. History: Saudi Aramco, formally known as Aramco [Arabian American Oil Company], was founded in 1933, when the

A study of one bilateral free trade agreement of country A and country Essay

A study of one bilateral free trade agreement of country A and country B 05091 - Essay Example Japan is an important country where the foreign direct investment takes place and also facilitates the Mexican exports. The investment that flows out of Japan to Mexico and the technology transfer that takes place within the economy is very important for the growth of the economy. It brings in competitiveness within the economy and also creates employment opportunities (Kawai, 2005). The trade relations within the two nations lead to a diversification of the export market. Strengthening of the economic relations within the nations will enhance the positions of Japan and Mexico in the international markets (Ravenhill, 2003). However, the potential economic relations between the nations have not been realized completely. The main purpose of the free trade partnership agreement was to promote liberalization of the trade as well as investments within the economy and also facilitate the movement of individuals between Japan and Mexico for trade purposes (Ravenhill, 2003). The agreement aims to set up a comprehensive economic partnership involving a competition policy, development of the business environment and bilateral cooperation in the field of vocational education and training and also provides support to the small and the medium enterprises within the economy (Yoshimatsu, 2005). It is expected that through this agreement, Japan will gain access to Mexican marke t which is growing at a fast pace. The agreement will also enable the entry of firms into the north South American markets through Mexico and the Japanese companies will gain equal treatment along with the companies of Canada, US and European Union in the fields of Customs duties, investment and Government procurement (Manger, 2005). According to the agreement, the custom duties will be eliminated or reduced on agricultural as well industrial products. Further, both the countries signing the agreement should cooperate in the field of anticompetitive activities. However, the agreement has left the

Comparison between Boeing 737-800 and Embraer ERJ-170LR Research Paper

Comparison between Boeing 737-800 and Embraer ERJ-170LR - Research Paper Example Presently, just the -700, -800, as well as -900ER, are assembled, as neither the -600 nor the -900 was well-liked. Its main competition is the Airbus A320 family. The Embraer E-Jet family, on the other hand, is a series of narrow-range and medium-range double-engine jet airliners manufactured by Brazilian airline corporation, Embraer (Endres, 2009). Initially introduced at the Paris Air Exhibition, in 1999, and going into production, in 2002, the airplane series has been a business success (Norris & Wagner, 2011). The aircraft is utilized both by regional and mainline airlines all over the global. From December 31st, 2012, there was an accumulation of 185 firm orders for the E-Jets, 908 units and 580 options delivered. On September 13th, 2013, a celebration was held at the Embraer plant in Sà £o Josà © dos Campos to celebrate the release of the 1,000th E-jet family airplane. The E-175 was released in an American Eagle Airlines colored with a unique "1,000th E-Jet" label over the ca bin windows (Endres, 2009). This paper will compare between Boeing 737-800 and Embraer ERJ-170LR of Boeing Commercial Airlines and Embraer, respectively. The 737-800 is an expanded edition of the 737-700, and substitutes the 737-400. It also sealed the gap left by the choice to cease the MD-80 and MD-90 (McDonnell Douglas) after Boeings unification with MD. The 737−800 was first introduced by Hapag-Lloyd Flug (at the moment TUI fly). The model also seeks to swap the market section.

The Great Pro-Democratic Revolutions of the spring of 2011 in Syria Essay

The Great Pro-Democratic Revolutions of the spring of 2011 in Syria - Essay Example Finally, there will be a comparison between the main topic to the ideas of the Makovsky and Ross thesis in addition to a thorough conclusion. There are three basic myths as analyzed by Makovsky and Ross in the book of Myths, Peace, and Illusions: Finding a New Direction for the US in the Middle East. The first myth shows that all issues concerning the Middle Eastern countries are associated with the conflicts between Israel and Palestine. The second myth is the comparison between the engagement and non-engagement of regimes, changes in regimes and their behavior. The final myth discussed by the two authors concerns the question about the democracy promotion. In the first myth, the Arabs claimed that they had a large population in Palestine before the creation of Israel forgetting there was Jewish population as well. The conflict began when Palestine wanted to create their own Jewish State claiming that they owned, but the Zionists rejected their right. It was claimed that Zionist leaders had a legal mandate for the existence of Israel State which was false as recommended by the UN. According to Ross and Makovsky, the old s aying that everything in the Middle East was connected to everything else gives a better roadmap rather than rejecting any connection between Israel and other matters (Ross & Makovsky, 2010). In the second myth, Ross and Makovsky focus on Iran and their satellites, Hamas, and Hezbollah, with Israel. The pattern of conflict between two-states was repeated when Hamas was voted into power in the year 2006. Hamas had accepted the form of the Israel state, although it rejected the two-state solution claiming that it was meant to destroy Israel. After Ismail Haniyeh was being elected in 2006, he said that Hamas had accepted the formation of a Palestinian state, according to 1967 borders.  Ã‚  

Offshoring Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Offshoring - Essay Example Methods: In a bid to ensure the data collected is accurate, a quantitative approach has been employed. Once collected, the data is analyzed by running a regression using the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS). Findings: the research has found 93% R-Square value that essentially implies that close to 93% of the variation in the value of the dependent is well explained by the variation in the independent variation. Also, the results showed a 0.000137 p-value for the off-shoring coefficient, so the p-value is lower than 0.05. In essence, this is interpreted to mean that a change in the percentage of material off shoring indeed has an effect on labor and productivity. This research paper has been made in order to complement to pass of bachelor degree in business administration program. I would like to start by thanking God for helping me to finish my thesis, also I would like to say thanks to whoever have helped me directly or indirectly with my thesis and studying and that includes a very special thank for my supervisor (PhD. ShlairAbdulkhaleq) and Dean (PhD Fatih Çura). Also I would like to thank my parents whom supported me from the start, and of course I would like to say thanks to my husband for everything .In the end, I would like to tell you that I’m really happy from the bottom of my heart that I was able to do this thesis and it’s just a step towards the success that I’m dreaming of, and I hope that it will help the upcoming student in their studies and they can benefit from the information below. Modern businesses are driven by innovation. Outsourcing is one of the methods of innovation undertaken by different business enterprises. Outsourcing enables to open new horizons that in turn lead to increased productivity. However, any new idea brings along its own set of conditions and parameters with it. Outsourcing is no exception in this regard and it has certain prerequisites and parameters that need to be

Performance of Veolia Environnement in Fulfilling Social Needs Research Paper - 3

Performance of Veolia Environnement in Fulfilling Social Needs - Research Paper Example The company had undergone heavy debt which resulted in fire-scale of company’s assets, dizzying financial condition, and an identity crisis. In the year 2002, the company had declared net loss of â‚ ¬12.3 billion. As a consequence, the company’s rate with regards to credit has turned into ‘Junk’ status. Vivendi Universal had sold a fraction of its large holdings to pay off the debt of stakeholders. The shareholders of the company sued against the former manager and claimed a price of 54 million USD. In the year 2002, due to the bad financial condition, Vivendi Universal was forced to sell parts of their stake in Vivendi Environnement. In order to retain the confidence of shareholders and also to reflect the organization’s greater independence, Vivendi Environnement was named as Veolia Environnement (Public Citizen 2005). Approximately 70% of international privatized water business is ruled by two companies, i.e. Veolia and Suez. Both the companies have made a joint subsidiary company so that profit can be shared between them in lieu of competing with each other. Both the companies had created an uncompetitive business situation through joint ventures (Public Citizen 2005). Veolia Environnement though used illegal methods such as bribery to get water contracts. For example, two senior executives of Veolia Environnement was convicted for giving bribe to the Mayor of St. Denis for obtaining water contract in the year 1996 (Public Citizen 2005). Besides bribery, there are other critiques of Veolia Environnement, for example, in the year 2003 Veolia Environnement’s waste management was ordered to provide fine of 100,000 Euro for damaging of 3500 hectares scrubland by fire. In 2000, Veolia Environnement misled the investors for purchasing the US Filter plant. The loss of 2.25 billion Euros had been represented to the investor a profit of 625 million Euros (Chandra, Girard, and Puscas 2005). Veolia Environnement has a poor r ecord of societal and environmental issues. To counter these bad records Veolia Company made a good long term relationship with the United Nations and World Water Council in order to build a good image before society. The company has conducted several advertisings for promoting privatization of water. Veolia Environnement affiliated with various international agencies for searching new market and expanded their business. The International Financial Institution (IFI) provided Veolia Environnement a large amount of money for the infrastructure of service and developed many urban renewal projects internationally.

Water is Life Essay Example for Free

Water is Life Essay The slogan: â€Å"Water is Life,† is so true considering that nature’s life cycle revolves around it. The factuality of the statement can be easily seen in the light of what water is to the environment and how it is being taken for granted for its familiarity. The space that it occupies in and around the earth is so invasive it is almost all-encompassing in its existence. â€Å"It covers around 75% of the Earth’s surface† and is contained deep in the earth’s groundwater reserves called aquifers (Godrej, 2003). Despite that much of life depends on water, its purity essential to all our sustenance is being threatened because humans overuse it. Gone are the days when people simply drink directly from a brook. To secure safe drinking water, it has to undergo certain processes; either distilled or purified. This becomes a huge source of financial profit to big businesses such as the proliferation of bottled waters. But, â€Å". . . once we start using water in excess and beyond the rate which it can be replenished again, we endanger the hydrological cycle† (Godrej, 2003). In First World countries, water is used to beautify gardens, maintain greener lawns, and fill up swimming pools. In California, officials predicted that by 2020, water shortage is a surety due to the way it is being used today in that state (2003). Although many factors affect and cause this water crisis, mainly it is the misuse that causes the water crises. The problems range from water’s scarcity and depletion, lack of sanitation and pollution, inequalities in distribution . . . to extravagant use . . . , etc. (Godrej, 2003). Things that contribute to the world’s water crisis are untouched in this essay. Nonetheless, the reality of this crisis that has crept in the usual order of things in the environment cannot be taken for granted. We need to wise up and save this essential element of life. Reference 1. Crystal, David. 1990. Water H2O. The Cambridge Encyclopaedia. Cambridge University Press, p. 1285. 2. Godrej, Dinar. 2003. Crisis and challenge. Precious fluid. New Internationalist magazine, volume 354, pp. 9-12. 3. New Internationalist called Water: The facts. March 2003. volume 354,p. 18 4. Vidal, John. August 2002. Blue gold: Earths liquid asset. The Guardian, p. 6.

Company Market Strategy

Company Market Strategy Business Strategies in Global Environment Topic: You have been called upon by a group of company directors to advise them on the future strategic direction of the company. In particular they aim to participate more actively in the global market. Required: Identify their current strategic management style or approach drawing on the schools of strategy Using relevant tools of analysis conduct an environmental audit of what you perceive to be suitable markets for the board to consider. Identify and discuss possible strategic directions that the board could consider in order to develop a greater presence in the global market. Assess the managerial challenges of implementing your chosen strategy. Group: Rohit Zaki Fuad Nihar Shahid Satyanarayan Lalida Amornrat Parita Nith Asad The success of any organisation lies in their goals and the mission. But establishing the goal is not enough to gain the success in this dynamic environment. Thus every company needs a strategy to achieve their goals. The classical meaning of the word strategy is the plan for victory in a war. Similarly in business war field strategy gives the strength required for winning. Selection and implementation of appropriate strategy leads to the great triumph but otherwise it could be a great fiasco and grand business failure. This report on the COBRA Beer Company will make an attempt to analyse the current strategies which are successfully used by the company, carry out an environmental audit of the company using the suitable environmental scanning tool, would suggest alternative strategies to be used in the future and finally will comment on most probable challenges the company may face while implementing those strategies. ABOUT COMPANY â€Å"I felt very demoralised, but never once thought of giving up†- Mr. Karan Bilimoria (Clark Emma, 21 August 2003) BACKGROUND The Cobra Beer was the child of thought of a Cambridge law graduate Mr. Karan Bilimoria which won 12 Gold medals from the prestigious Monde Selection, Brussels, in 2006. The company was established in 1989 by Mr. Karan Bilimoria when he realised the requirement of smoother and less fizzy beer especially in UK market. (The CBI Directory) Today it is being exported in more than 50 countries and total retail turnover is  £126 million. (The Economic Times, 16 September 2007) MISSION PRODUCTS In the beginning Cobra wanted to set up breweries in Mysore, India at the cost of beers quality, the decision was changed and they shifted to Charles wells brewer, UK. Now cobra is having breweries in UK, European countries such as Poland and India as well. (Clark Emma, 21 August 2003) Along with the Classic Cobra beer, it has a very unique product range as Cobra 0.0%, which is beer with no alcohol, Cobra Lower Cal with calorie content lower than 100 cal. and King Cobra, the worlds first double fermented, bottle-conditioned beer, which is so successful that it increased the sells by ten folds in India. It also produces nine types of wines. (The CBI Directory) MARKETING Mr. Bilimoria was well aware of the importance of branding, as his first product brand name ‘Panther was declined, he chose cobra very carefully. Bottle was put up with sandy gold label and with cobra written in green. At least nobody can miss its presence in supermarkets. His targeted niche market was Indian Restaurants in UK. Though beer remains dearer it was selling half of its production in 5600 Indian Restaurants. He gain popularity as the Indian beer maker. (Clark E, 21 August 2003) Along with creating first trade marketing team, Cobra is soon going to launch new designs for King Cobra and Cobra Bite. According to Will Ghali, marketing director of Cobra beer â€Å"The aim was to give our beers a more contemporary, stylish appearance, and to increase the standout on shelf. Were delighted with the new designs and, more importantly, feel that theyll have a really strong appeal with our core consumers.† The company would be spending  £14 million on marketing in 2008. (Parson R, 22 April 2008) Cobra beer in year 2005 announced a Cobra Vision short film competition for aspiring filmmakers which gave them an opportunity to appear national television. (The CBI Directory) Now it is sponsoring all prime time programs on UKTVs Dave to make â€Å"heavy weight presence† (Parsons R, 22 April 2008) EXPANSION IN GLOBAL MARKET Cobra has made its presence noticeable in UK, USA, South Africa, India and other European countries. As import duties in India are very high Cobra decided to produce beer in India. Cobra beer is now being produced in Rajasthan, Goa, UP and ‘Som Breweries, MP, ‘Iceberg Breweries, Bihar. (The Economic Times, 16 September 2007) Still the market share and per capita consumption in India is very low as compared to UK, being the major competitor The Kingfisher Beer of India. (Clark E, 21 August 2003) Cobra is now planning to acquire three more breweries in India as they are targeting to double their capacity to 20 million cases by 2012. Company also aspires to get listed in UK and India. (The Financial Express, 6 May 2008,) The company started with  £20000 of student debt in 1989 has already raised  £25 million through unsecured loans from OZ Sculptor Finance Ireland investment funds and 2.5 million by issuing ordinary shares to private and institutional investors for its f uture plans. (Mood Food Magazine Food news, Restaurant News, Recipes, Nutrition, 17 July 2006) Cobra beer is now being exported to Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Bahrain and Oman. As the Middle East market is not well developed yet, cobra has introduced non-alcoholic Cobra beer in the region. For expanding in South Africa cobra is trying to acquire local breweries, so that company can get hold on the niche market. (Nolan L, 26 October 2006) CURRENT STRATEGIES EXPLOITED The company is currently using different strategies such as, differentiation, launching innovative products, identifying niche market, branding, exporting and expanding by acquisitions etc. which can be explained with the help of various models. Differentiation: Low price, Segment specificity, Differentiation or Hybrid etc.can be used as the competitive strategy. Johnson et. al. (2006) gives the strategy clock which differentiates between winning and failing competitive strategies. ‘The Strategy Clock: Competitive Strategy Options(Source: Johnson et. al., 2006, p.243) The Company has gained the competitive advantage using the differentiation strategy. The differentiation as competitive strategy was first explained by Michael Porter in 1980 using a model known as Generic business level strategy. Source of Competitive Advantage Cost Uniqueness BreadthBroad Target Market CostDifferentiation Of Leadership Competitive Scope Focused Focused Narrow Target Market LowDifferentiation Cost ‘Porters Generic Business Level Strategies (Source: Porter M, 1980, p. 39) Product development: Ansoffs Market Expansion Grid: Branding: Acquisition: ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT SWOT Porters Five Forces RIVAL FROM INDIA The SWOT analysis suggests that United Breweries from India is one the important competitor for COBRA not only in Indian Market but also in the Global Market. The credit for the success of UB goes to its Chairman Dr. Vijay Mallya. Journey of UB from Kingfisher Beer to Kingfisher Airlines INTRODCTION United Breweries ltd. (UB) was formed by a Scotsman Mr. Thomas Leishman in 1915 when he united five breweries owned by him in Madras (Chennai), India. The company was then bought by Mr. Vittal Mallya in 1947. (www.kingfisherworld.com, cited on May 28, 2008) The company got the real thrust when Mr. Vijay Mallya, son of late Mr. Vittal Mallya became the chairman and took the charge in 1983 and the UB became Indias first multinational. Today UB group is recognised as the seventh largest spirit makers in the world and the beer is sold in more than 32 countries worldwide. But UB group lead by Dr. Vijay Mallya did not want to confine themselves only to beer production. Versatility was the key strategy used very tactically by Mr. Mallya. UB group own a software company established in USA in 1993 which is also listed on NASDAQ, Kingfisher Airlines launched on May 9, 2005, which is Indias second largest domestic airliner, Indias first lifestyle channel ‘NDTV Good Time launched on 7 Sept ember 2007 and Indias First Formula One team Spykar F1 team bought with Mr. Micheil Mol in October 2007. (The Times of India, 2 April 2008) PRODUCTS The UB group, which acquired McDowell Co. Ltd is well known for its innovative product range. The UB products ranges from kingfisher beer to 17 different types of whisky such as, Black Dog Whisky, Single Malt Whisky, Signature Whisky, No. 1 McDowells Whisky, McDowells Vintage Whisky, McDowells Premium Whisky etc., 3 types of Brandy, 2 types of Rum, 3 types of Gin, 4 types of Vodka such as Romanov, Alcazar, White Mschief, Red Riband Vodka. (www.clubmcdowell, cited on May 28, 2008) GROWTH UB acquired Triumph Distillers Vintners (TDV) in December 2002 and Shaw Wallace and Company Ltd (SWC), the second largest Indian Spirits company in June 2005. it has also increased its investment in Herbertsons Ltd (HL) which in total has increased the market share of UB from 24% to 52%. (www.clubmcdowell, cited on May 28, 2008) Apart from that UBL is having strategic alliance with Scottish NewCastle Plc (SN), which generates the revenue of $6 billion. Because of the joint venture SN can launch International brands like Kronenbourg in India, while UBL got SNs global network to further globalization. (www.kingfisherworld.com, cited on May 28, 2008) Along with the export of Alcoholic Beverages UB exports mens casuals, formal shoes, ladies foot-wares, processed food items, pharmaceutical products and incense sticks to various parts of the world. (www.clubmcdowell, cited on May 28, 2008) ADVICED STRATEGY Diversification: Ansoffs Market Expansion Grid Portfolio management: Shells directional policy matrix Prospects for Sector Profitability C Unattractive Average Attractive O M Disinvest PhasedDouble or P Weak WithdrawalQuit E Custodial T I Phased CustodialTry Harder V Average Withdrawal E Growth N E Cash GrowthLeader S Strong Generation Leader ‘The Shell Directional Policy Matrix (Source: Shell Chemicals UK (1975) Acquired from Lancaster (2002)) ANALYSE STRATEGY CONCLUSION REFERENCE The CBI Directory, Company profile: Cobra Beer Ltd., cited on May 23, 2008, available from http://www.cbidirectory.co.uk/cobrabeerltd/ The Economic Times, 16 September 2007, Beer to undertake major expansion in India, cited on May 25, 2008, Available from http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/News_By_Industry/Cons_Products/Cobra_Beer_to_undertake_major_expansion_in_India/articleshow/2373521.cms Clark E, 21 August 2003, The ‘less gassy rise of Cobra Beer BBC News Online Business Reporter, Cited on May 25, 2008, Available from http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/3052349.stm Parson R, 22 April 2008, Cobra Beer prepares new-look packaging, mad.co.uk, cited on May 25, 2008, Available from http://www.mad.co.uk/BreakingNews/BreakingNews/Articles/52abaffb2fa743c3bc1bfba5494696dd/Cobra-Beer-prepares-new-look-packaging.html The Financial Express, 6 May 2008, Cobra targets 20 mn beer cases in India, http://www.financialexpress.com/news/Cobra-targets-20-mn-beer-cases-in-India/306079/ Mood Food Magazine Food news, Restaurant News, Recipes, Nutrition, 17 July 2006, cited on May 25, 2008, available from Cobra Beer Secures Investment For Growth http://www.menumagazine.co.uk/archive/july06/weekly/cobra_investment.html Nolan L, 26 October 2006, Snakes and Ladder, Caterer Middle East English Edition, http://www.itp.net/news/494102 Johnson G, Scholes K and Whitting R (2006), Exploring Corporate Strategy, 7th Enhanced media edition, England: Pearson Education ltd. Chapter 5, pp. 242-243 Porter M (1980), Competitive Strategy Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors, New York: Free Press. Chapter 1, 2, pp. 3-46 Kingfisher world (online) cited on May 28, 2008, available from http://www.kingfisherworld.com/corporate/corporate-history.htm and http://www.kingfisherworld.com/corporate/corporate-index.htm The Times of India, (2 April 2008), (online) cited on May 28, 2008, Available from http://ipl.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/2919442.cms Club McDowell, (online) cited on May 28, 2008, Available from http://www.clubmcdowell.com/org/product_main.htm, http://www.clubmcdowell.com/org/global_main.htm and http://www.clubmcdowell.com/org/corporate_main.htm Shell Chemicals UK, The Directional Policy Matrix, A New aid to Corporate Planning, November 1975. Cited from Lancaster G et al. (2002) Essentials of Marketing, 4th Edition, UK: McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, Appendix one, p528.

Excellence in Engineering Education :: Education Engineer Educating Essays

How should we describe the excellent engineer and what kind of education is demanded by such a person? Several issues are involved. One of these is the character of our times; that is, the best engineer out of the "science engineering" model of the 1950s may have little value in the early 21st Century. Another issue is the concept of education. How do education and training differ and how is excellence achieved? Finally, clearly, there is the issue of what we would expect of an engineer who is truly excellent. Fortunately for us, ABET (Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology) seeks to define the excellent engineer and the excellent engineering program by outlining a number of criteria that should be met by any accredited program in engineering education. It is important to note, at the outset, that ABET begins with an overarching criterion that "engineering programs must prepare graduates for the practice of engineering at a professional level." (My emphasis) This must mean something more than mere vocational training. As a professional, the engineer must exercise considerable autonomy and use intelligent individual judgment. The professional engineer can be no mere employee; he/she must become a partner in the development of technology. By its very nature a professional partnership involves certain viewpoints, methods, and standards developed by the community of professionals, who have common interests and objectives, and these must stand independent of those who would employ o r otherwise seek the service of these professionals. Three of the five criteria developed by ABET recognize aspects of the educational institution that, I suspect, all will agree with without much hesitation. Students of high quality must be attracted and served well. Faculty of high quality must be attracted and retained. Educational objectives must be stated clearly and publicly; some form of evaluation must be in place to assure that these objectives are achieved. The one worrisome aspect of the new ABET criteria is what appears to be an overwhelming emphasis on quantitative assessment, phrased in terms of outcomes. While it is one thing to plan for and hope for significant outcomes, it is another to expect that genuinely desirable outcomes will always be so "objective" that quantitative assessment is remotely possible. At the very least, there should be some allowance for the obvious fact that certain outcomes take longer than others to be realized. It is true, of course, that the longer an outcome takes, the more complex are the f actors that contribute to it.

Redemption in The Story of B Essay -- Story

Redemption in The Story of B The Story of B portrays the spirit of revolutionary thinking through several people who originate at opposite ends of culture and discover a common cause which unites them in a single purpose. Concern for the destiny of mankind impels one man to "brace an entire culture". This man, dubbed "B" for blasphemer by the society he seeks to save, devotes his life to the instructing of selected intellectuals to fulfill the redemption of man. B, a man "bound to be killed"(114), faces rioters to deliver his message of salvation and destiny to a Catholic priest whose superiors sent him to spy on B. Daniel Quinn's reveals his philosophical insight into the future of the world through the explanation of society's history and the revelation of a choice which threatens to bring chaos upon everyone. When Jared Osborne, a Roman Catholic priest encounters B, the revolutionary genius his superiors sent him to intercept, he loses his sense of purpose and becomes entangled in the intellectual drama which surround this rebellious prophet. While continuing his reports to the Church from B's headquarters in Radenau, Germany, Jared discovers an awful truth which forever alters his outlook on the world. In consorting with the man charged by the Church with blasphemy, Osborne risks losing his entire lifestyle by excommunication. Even this punishment cannot dissuade him, for though his loyalty remains with the Church, B's message overrides this standing allegiance with its urgency. Jared claims this makes him "not a very good priest"(3), but he eventually ceases to care whether or not he can return to his former station in life. This occurs gradually as he uncovers secrets of man's history which disillusion his belief... ...an equally rapid geographical expansion that obliterated all other lifestyles in its path"(248). B foretells the future of mankind as a grim prospect should we not alter our lifestyle. He predicts that since our planet can only support a limited amount of people, we will soon run out of space and food. This occurs, according to B, because totalitarian agriculture produces a surplus of food, which in turn increases population. The elegance of truth flows through his lessons to show how our culture began on its route to destruction. This journey continued even when we discovered the possibility that our society could survive as a Leaver culture. Fortunately, B's message also provides hope for society. Daniel Quinn suggests that though it may prove difficult, "We don't have to change HUMANKIND in order to survive. We only have to change a single culture."(255) Redemption in The Story of B Essay -- Story Redemption in The Story of B The Story of B portrays the spirit of revolutionary thinking through several people who originate at opposite ends of culture and discover a common cause which unites them in a single purpose. Concern for the destiny of mankind impels one man to "brace an entire culture". This man, dubbed "B" for blasphemer by the society he seeks to save, devotes his life to the instructing of selected intellectuals to fulfill the redemption of man. B, a man "bound to be killed"(114), faces rioters to deliver his message of salvation and destiny to a Catholic priest whose superiors sent him to spy on B. Daniel Quinn's reveals his philosophical insight into the future of the world through the explanation of society's history and the revelation of a choice which threatens to bring chaos upon everyone. When Jared Osborne, a Roman Catholic priest encounters B, the revolutionary genius his superiors sent him to intercept, he loses his sense of purpose and becomes entangled in the intellectual drama which surround this rebellious prophet. While continuing his reports to the Church from B's headquarters in Radenau, Germany, Jared discovers an awful truth which forever alters his outlook on the world. In consorting with the man charged by the Church with blasphemy, Osborne risks losing his entire lifestyle by excommunication. Even this punishment cannot dissuade him, for though his loyalty remains with the Church, B's message overrides this standing allegiance with its urgency. Jared claims this makes him "not a very good priest"(3), but he eventually ceases to care whether or not he can return to his former station in life. This occurs gradually as he uncovers secrets of man's history which disillusion his belief... ...an equally rapid geographical expansion that obliterated all other lifestyles in its path"(248). B foretells the future of mankind as a grim prospect should we not alter our lifestyle. He predicts that since our planet can only support a limited amount of people, we will soon run out of space and food. This occurs, according to B, because totalitarian agriculture produces a surplus of food, which in turn increases population. The elegance of truth flows through his lessons to show how our culture began on its route to destruction. This journey continued even when we discovered the possibility that our society could survive as a Leaver culture. Fortunately, B's message also provides hope for society. Daniel Quinn suggests that though it may prove difficult, "We don't have to change HUMANKIND in order to survive. We only have to change a single culture."(255)

Medicine, Metaphysics and Morals Essay -- Ethics Health Medical Essays

Medicine, Metaphysics and Morals ABSTRACT: Moral decisions concerning what ought to be done always assume metaphysical presuppositions concerning the way the world is. In the field of biomedical ethics, some of the metaphysical presuppositions underlying many current discussions of issues of life and death seem particularly implausible. These include our assumption of the reality of social atomism and our beliefs relating to the possibility of autonomy. Given the implausibility of these two assumptions, many discussions have focused our attention on the wrong issues by reducing questions of alternative social practices to questions of individual preferences. Far from facilitating intelligent solutions to our problems, this merely clouds the issues involved. Obviously decisions about what ought to be done in any given circumstance presuppose the acceptance of beliefs regarding what can in fact be done. In short moral judgments presuppose metaphysical commitments, beliefs about the way the world is. Unfortunately, social pressures in most modern societies militate against the open admission of any metaphysical commitments on the part of persons involved in making moral judgments in the field of applied ethics known as biomedical ethics. Ethical decisions in the area of medicine need to be seen as acceptable to as large a segment of the community as possible. However, since the community in most modern societies is remarkably heterogeneous with respect to assumptions concerning the way the world is, any explicit reference to metaphysical assumptions on the part of one discussing biomedical ethics is apt to be challenged by at least some members of the community. Hence those involved in discussions of biomedical ethics tend to ... ..., 2nd ed. Veatch London: Jones and Bartlett 1997, p.33. (15) Beauchamp, T. - "Informed Consent" in Medical Ethics ed. Veatch London: Jones and Bartlett. 1997. p 195. (16) Hendin, H. - Seduced by Death: Doctors, Patients, and the Dutch Care. New York: W.W. Norton 1997 p. 157. (17) Pellegrino, E.D. - "The Place of Intention in the Moral Assessment of Assisted Suicide and Active Euthanasia" in Intending Death: The Ethics of Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia ed. Beauchamp, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall 1996. (18) Ibid. (19) Ibid. (20) Hardwig - op cit. p 34-35 (21) For Example see: Brody, H. - "The Physician-Patient Relationship" in Medical Ethics. Second Ed. Veatch London: Jones and Bartlett 1997 pp. 75-79. (22) Chamblis, D.F.- Beyond Caring: Hospitals, Nurses, and the Social Organization of Ethics, Chicago 1996, University of Chicago Press p. 165.

Compare or contrast two colleges Essay

I have attended to two different colleges in the United States and the fact is that they are quite different in some points. After graduating Quincy High School, I enrolled in an English as Second Language program in the Suffolk University to get accepted to the school. One year later, I transferred to Quincy College. According to my experience, I recognize the differences between a university and a community college in terms of their campus size, tuitions and fees, and their students’ activities. The first difference between a university and a community college is size. A university has a larger campus and more buildings. In contrast, a community college is smaller and has fewer classrooms. For instance, Quincy College only has two main buildings facilitated for teachings and learning while Suffolk University categorizes each major in one large building such as school of law and school of business. Moreover, the university also has more spaces for library, cafeteria, gymnasium, and stadium to serve an enormous student body. On the other hand, the community college has limited spaces to expand its facilities. In general, the university has to provide services for more students than the community college so that its campus should be larger. Secondly, the tuitions and fees of a four-year university are more expensive than a community college. Even though the financial aid can cover some of the tuitions and fees, they are sometimes still too much to afford for some students. For example, I needed to pay the remaining after receiving financial aid by myself. When I was at Suffolk University, I had owed direct loans to the federal government and some private loans. Conversely, my tuitions and fees at Quincy College are fully covered by my financial aid. That saves me a lot and I don’t have to borrow some extra money to finance my college. In addition, after paying off my tuitions and fees, I still have some money for books and stationeries. It can be seen that the community college is much affordable than a university. Thirdly, students’ activities more vary at the university than the community college. Students at the university have more choices for clubs and school activities. A university’s sport team, for example, is established to attract students with sport talents and to compete with other university’s sport team. On the other hand, the community college only offers few of clubs and it does not have a sport league for student to join. With more choices of clubs and extra curriculum activities, the university students have more opportunities to develop their talents and socialize with other students. The community college students, however, do not have many chances and conditions to attend more extra curriculum after school. Students studying at the university would have more options and opportunities to enrich their social life as well as their talents. In conclusion, studying at the community college is more affordable for those who have limited educational budget, but still want to experience an academic college environment. In contrast, despite being costly, the university will satisfy students who like to maximize their capacities with its fully equipped campus and variety of activities. Choosing to study at the community college or the university significantly depends on an individual’s financial conditions, abilities and future plans.

More Than a Veil

More Than a Veil A Feminist Readings of Marjane Satrapi’s Persepolis Cultural differences have been on the foreground of the ongoing struggle between the United States and Iran since the 1970’s. Stereotypes are built on misunderstandings which can prove costly in international relationships. Our national media coverage of Iran portrays radical Islamic men oppressing their female counterparts. Many American citizens have narrow opinions on Iranian women, most of them dealing with the infamous veil that Islamic girls wear females.Marjane Satrapi in her biographical novel Persepolis examines Iranian women’s roles in the Islamic Revolution, breaks the myth of the oppressing veil, and demonstrates how Iranian boys and girls are socially constructed. Satrapi does all of this with a nontraditional writing style as she challenges the more common coming of manhood tale called a Bildungsroman (Barry p. 129) with her own coming of womanhood narrative. In America it is widel y believed that women in Iran are to be seen and not heard. That Iran is controlled by an extreme patriarchy where women voice no opinions on social issues.However, we see in Persepolis that Marjane comes from a family with strong women like her mother and grandmother. Her mother routinely takes part in protesting alongside her husband in the streets of Tehran. (Satrapi p. 18) Marjane’s mother is an example of the misconception that women in Iran are subjects. Marjane’s mother illustrates to us how women all across Iran were active during the Islamic Revolution, as protestors, collaborators, or victims. (Botshon p. 5) Agency is not just shown in adult women in Persepolis but also in adolescent girls.Many Americans are quick to point out the veil which covers an Islamic women’s face as a sign of the extreme patriarchy in Iran. However, in the beginning of Persepolis we see Marjane as a child and other little girls taking their veils off at school to use them for games like jump rope. (Satrapi p. 3) This imagery immediately shatters our connotations of disciplined Iranian girls and focuses us more on the playful resistance which the school girls demonstrate. This rebellious nature of Marjane does not stop in childhood despite the oppressive agenda of the school board.Marjane’s self-expression continues as a teenager when she adopts American culture ideas like punk rock clothing and even owning a Kim Wilde and Iron Maiden poster, which her parent smuggled in from Turkey. (Satrapi p. 127-129) In all of these scenes Marjane is drawn on the pages of the novel without having her veil on. These scenes are an example of how some girls were not submissive to Islamic rule as is it often depicted in our own media. Even though women had proactive roles in the Islamic Revolution they were still constructed and treated differently in Iranian culture.Marjane’s mother speaks of the violent soldiers she had encounter in the streets of Tehran o ne day when she was caught not wearing the mandatory veil; â€Å"They insulted me. They said that women like me should be pushed up against a wall and fucked. And then thrown in the garbage†¦And that if I didn’t want that to happen, I should wear the veil. †(Satrapi p. 74) In this scene it is clear that the Islamic regime agenda is to suppress Iranian women’s individuality, but how come these military men are so violent?The answer may be in the way that girls and boys were socially constructed during the Islamic Revolution. In Iranian culture it is common for boys to learn military values at school while girls would learn more suitable household skills like knitting and sewing so that they could make winter hoods for the soldiers. At a young age boys are taught to be soldiers and take part in war while girls are helping war efforts indirectly. Aggression in boys to some people may seem natural; however, in Iran young boys are being taught this social trait. The veil itself is a way that Islam fundamentalist try to construct their women into being oppressed and submissive. The wearing of the veil is enforced by school officials who have an Islamic agenda, however; many girls are taught contradictory ideas about the veil by their parents at home. Marjane would have been more susceptible to Islam fundamentalists if she did not come from a family with strong independent female figures. Satrapi demonstrates clearly that gender roles are taught in institutions like religion and school and are not natural.Even more importantly Satrapi writes about how she rebelled against these norms, which makes Persepolis an original narrative of growing up as a girl in Iran. Persepolis in its roots is a personal female memoir of Marjane Satrapi’s growth into womanhood while being raised in Iran during the Islamic Revolution. The story of Marjane Satrapi’s life cannot be duplicated by another author. Marjane grew up in a confusing time where c omplex issues of religions, politics, and class formed an authentic female version of a classic Bildungsroman tale.Satrapi’s Persepolis questions western thought about Iranian women. Without Marjane Satrapi’s personal experience it is easy to believe that a similar Islamic Revolution tale told by a female protagonist would focus on the hardships of being oppressed and not the variety of social classes that depict rebellious Iranian women. Without Marjane Satrapi, Persepolis could have had an unoriginal western stereotypical story about Iranian women. Marjane Satrapi literally makes herself the central character as the author.Persepolis as a feminist work shows the value of women in Iranian society, the social construction of girls and boys, and the complex issues in Marjane’s life which are reflected in her work. Many misconceptions about Iranian women are dismissed in Persepolis. Satrapi shows Iranian women as agents with a cause rather than subjects with no vo ice. Although we are use to the typical submissive Iranian women waiting for liberation, Satrapi blows this belief up for western reader. Marjane Satrapi’s Persepolis humanizes the Iranian female population which is all too often illustrated in United States’ media as being oppressed by a veil.Works Cited Babak. Elahi. Frames and Mirrors in Marjane Satrapi’s Persepolis. University Nebraska Press. Vo. 15 No. 1-2. 2007. 312-325. Article. Barry. Peter. Beginning Theory: An Introduction to Literary and Cultural Theory. 3rd ed. Manchester. Manchester University Press. 2009 Print. Botshon. Lisa. Plastas. Melinda. Homeland In/Security: A Discussion and Workshop on Teaching Marjane Satrapi’s Persepolis. University of Illinois Press. Feminist Teacher, Vol 20. No. 1. 2009. 1-14. Article. Satrapi. Marjane. The Complete Persepolis. New York. Pantheon Books. 2007. Print.

Differences Between Adn and Bsn Nurses Essay

Nursing Philosophy is the same no matter what degree of nursing that you have obtained. According to the American Nurses Association the definition of nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations. (ANA). So no matter what degree Associates or Bachelors all nurses have the same goal when taking care of patients. Associate degree programs, begun in 1952, opened the nursing profession to a more diverse population than had existed with diploma and baccalaureate education. (Friberg). It opened it up to individuals that could not attend a four year college or a diploma program due to financial or location issues. This is how many nurses of today have obtained their Registered Nurses’ license. Today Associate Degree (ADN) programs are the major point of entry into nursing; as reflected by a recent survey of nursing programs and graduates, AD programs prepared more graduates than did the combined baccalaureate and diploma programs. (Friberg). As it states in the lecture notes Essentials of the Baccalaureate Education, for many students, the RN to BSN Program represents the next stage in professional development after many years of clinical practice. (Essenticials of Baccalaureate Education). Associate Degree Nurses’ have many reasons to further their education; some are for personal gain, professional mobility to be able to advance to a management or teaching position.There are few different ways to bridge from associate to bachelor degree. Attending a four year university, or there is strictly online courses as long as it is accredited to the state. More than 630 RN-to-Baccalaureate programs are available nationwide, including more than 400 programs that are offered at least partially online. These programs build on the education provided in diploma and associate degree programs and prepare graduates for a broader scope of practice. In addition, 161 RN-to-Master’s degree programs are available which cover the baccalaureate content missing in the other entry-level programs as well as graduate level course work. (ANA). Associate Degree nursing students have approximately one and a half years of prerequisites before entering an associates program. The associates program is approximately one and a half years with a combination of classroom and clinical rotations. These clinical rotations are like internships working with patients. After passing the school course there is a National test that has to be taken called National Council Licensure Examination (NCLEX). The Bachelor Degree Program started around 1909. Bachelor Degree nursing student has approximately two years of prerequisite before entering the bachelor program. The bachelor program is approximately two years of course work and clinical rotation. Bachelor students also have to pass the national test NCLEX. Obtaining a bachelor degree would allow the nurse to be more marketable in this economy, if they were attempting to obtain a different job. It would allow upward mobility into management and teaching positions. Baccalaureate nursing practice incorporates the roles of assessing, critical thinking, communicating, providing care, teaching, and leading. The caring professional approach includes the values of autonomy, altruism, human dignity, integrity, and social justice with unconditional regard for all people. (Grand Canyon). Nurses are professionals whether they are ADN or Bachelors of Science in Nursing. A professional is defined by certain criteria’s stated in the lecture notes Essentials of the Baccalaureate Education: * Functions at a high intellectual level * Possesses a specialized body of knowledge that can be learned at intuitions of higher education * Carries a significant level of individual responsibility and accountability * Values public service and altruism over personal financial gain * Functions with a high degree of autonomy and independence * Bears a strong sense of professional identity and a commitment to developing the profession * Abides by a code of ethics, which guides practice * Demonstrates competence and possesses a legally valid license for practice (Essenticials of Baccalaureate Education) The future of nursing will likely continue to demand nursing care that is innovative, efficient, cost effective, and responsive to human needs in all settings. (Friberg). No matter what degree that a nurse holds it is their responsibility to be the best and most informed they can be in their field of practice by continually seeking education and constantly leaning. References American Association of Colleges of Nursing, Fact Sheet: Creating a More Highly Qualified Nursing Workforce. 2012, http://www.aacn.nche.edu/media-relations/NursingWorkforce.pdf ANA. (n.d). Retrieved from American Nurses Association: http://www.nursingworld.org/FuncionalMenuCategories/FAQ.saspx Essentials of Baccalaureate Education. (nd).. NRS 430 Lecture 1. 2011 Grand Canyon University. https://lc.gcu.edu/learningPlatform/user/users.html?operation=loggedIn#/learningPlatform/loudBooks /loudbooks.html?currentTopicname=Nursing History, Theories, and Conceptual Model&viewPage=past&operation=innerPage&topicMaterialId=668495e7-02dc-4f87-b2a7-0b2b6b994892&contentId=90d8f604-cca7-4c82-ad07-b242bd698e6d& Friberg, Creasia and (). Conceptual Foundations: The Bridge to Professional Nursing Practice [5] (VitalSource Bookshelf), Retrieved from http://pageburstls.elsevier.com/books/978-0-323-06869-7/id/B9780323068697100017_p0295

Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Model Paper

As a child develops, the surroundings and people they interact with can have an impact in their development. Bronfenbrenner is a developmental psychologist who created the bioecological model of human development. The purpose of Bronfenbrenner’s model is to analyze the different connections humans make in the process of socialization. The bioecological model consists of four main areas â€Å"in which relationships and interactions take place to form patterns that affect human development† (Berns, 2013, 2010). The patterns that are formed from the relationships an interactions being created can be either positive or negative influences that can affect human development. The first system is the microsystem; in this system children are directly affected by the interactions they encounter â€Å"in a particular small setting† (Berns, 2013, 2010). For instance, family, school, peers, media, and their community are part of a child’s microsystem. The second system is the mesosystem; in this system the mesosystem is reflected in the microsystem due to the connections it creates with the child’s small settings. An example of this can be the child’s community collaborations which influences the child’s development. The third system is the exosystem; in this system the settings in which the child is not directly involve, yet the child is still affected in their microsystem. For instance, the child’s parents’ work can affect the child do to financial problems or stressed. The fourth system is the macrosystem; in this system â€Å"the society and subculture to which the developing person belongs, with particular reference to the belief system, lifestyles, patterns of social interaction, and life changes (Berns, 2013, 2010). For example, being part of a religion influences your life and therefore your human development as well. Indeed, Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological model depicts the human development in these four basic structures. This essay will explain my own reflection of my childhood and the influences from each of the ecological systems. Microsystem: As Berns states, â€Å"the family is the setting that provides nurturance, affection, and a variety of opportunities†¦the primary socializer of the child in that it has the most significant impact on the child’s development † (Berns, 2013, 2010). In my case, my biological mother was not able to provide â€Å"nurturance, affection, and a variety of opportunities† and therefore affected my development. My mother’s inability to provide these essential elements affected my stability in my life. Berns explains that â€Å"this early disadvantage will persist and even worsen as the child progresses through school unless intervention, such as that provided by some quality child-care programs, can modify the opportunities at home and in school† (Berns, 2013, 2010). My personal stability worsen as I developed, but it was able to get modified at some point in my life do to my adoption. My adopted parents were able to provide those essential elements and therefore helped me established a normal stable life. Further, Bern claims that â€Å"teachers encouraged the development of various skills and behaviors by being role models and by providing motivation for children to succeed in learning† (Berns, 2013, 2010). My ninth grade teacher, Miss. Dotson influenced my life directly. She was able to provide motivation in my life in the sense of being able to succeed in my learning in order to attend college and receive good grades. She became my role model and I wanted to be just like her, a teacher. I began to realize that having an education was essential as my life developed because without one, my life would be a disappointment. Due to her support and motivation, I was able to become the student that I am today. Moreover, Bern states that â€Å"the community, or neighborhood on a smaller scale, is the main setting in which children learn by doing† (Berns, 2013, 2010). Growing up, I did not live in the safest community which influenced my views of where I lived. I remember that the only thing I wanted to do was to move to a safer place. The noises of sirens and police caused feared in me and I did not want to conform to continue leaving in an environment like that. As I grew older, I knew that I wanted to move away as soon as I was able to. When I had the chance to do so, I did and I was able to experience a safer community and a better life. From this, I learned that the communities we reside in can have significant influences in our lives. Mesosystem: Schools ability to bring forward guest speakers can have influences in the students. For instance, while attending an ASB camp, I was able to meet this great guest speaker who influenced my own life. I may not remember his name, but I do remember the words he said that inspired me to change my life around. He was the product of abusive parents and although he went through some hardships while growing up, he decided to change his life around and not end up in drugs, gangs, or any kind of trouble. His speech thought me that although I was abused; I had the chance and power to change my life around too. I was able to become a successful young woman in my academic development and I am still striving for the best. What I learned from this experience was that guest speakers and schools connection to my life was very influential in my development. Having the opportunity to attend my fifth grade field trip-science camp, I realized that it had an impact in my development. Being away from home for a couple of days, made me realized how important the care of my family was at that time. Going to school for a couple of hours a day was different than being away from home for a couple of days. The interrelationship between my family, the school, and the field trip was interesting because I did not know how it felt to be away from my family. The realization of this instigated me to appreciate both my family and my school more than I thought I did. As Bern states, â€Å"the more numerous the qualitative links or interrelationships between the child’s microsystems, the more impact they have on socialization† (Berns, 2013, 2010). Therefore, the impact of appreciation of my microsystem also made an impact in my socialization skills as to what situations to appreciate at certain times. After leaving my house for college, I had to move in with one of my aunts in San Diego. Although I was no longer living at home, I still visit my family. During this change, I had to cope with two different life styles. For instance, living with my aunt I had different duties and responsibilities that I did not have at home. However, when both families got together I knew how to behave in both scenarios. This experienced helped me understand behavior in my life. I no longer behave one certain way because I developed ew behaviors depending on the setting I was in. Exosystem: As Berns states, â€Å"the exosystem refers to settings in which children are not active participants, but that affect them in one of their microsystems† (Berns, 2013, 2010). In my case, my father’s job was something that affected me. For instance, his stress level was always high and therefore he tended to be upset most of the time. Also, he did not have enough play time with me like I would of like to. Although I never went to his job, it still affected my development. I remember while growing up, my sister and I tended to avoid my father since we did not have that connection with him like we did with our mother because she was a homestay wife. As seen, parent’s jobs can have major impacts in a child’s microsystem. Another example that also affected my microsystem was school budget cuts. Although I was not directly involved with the school board, their decisions affected my microsystem. For instance, my freshman and sophomore year of high school the school did not hired a professional cheer coach due to budget cuts. This affected our ability to learn new techniques and therefore compete. During this time, we had to teach ourselves what we knew and the overall performance of our squad was not to the standards of a high school cheerleading team. From this, I learned that outside decisions of our school board really had an impact in our school, but most importantly us, the students. Furthermore, social services impacted my life in the sense of the process of my adoption. For instance, having to go through the hardships of getting adopted was already a struggle, but the process itself was even harder. In addition, I remember just wanting to have a family to love and care for me, yet I had them in front of me and I could not be with them. Social services were not something I directly had a connection with, yet they still impacted my development throughout those years. During that time, my emotions were unstable because I knew the family that was trying to adopt me loved me, but the process was too long to wait for. Macrosystem: Berns explains that â€Å"the fourth basic structure is viewed as patterns, or sets of instructions, for exosystems, mesosystems, and microsystems† (Berns, 2013, 2010). For instance, when I started my freshman year of college, I was persuaded into joining a sorority on campus. When experiencing the different things that one has to do in order to be part of their subculture, I notice that I was beginning to develop new beliefs, different social interactions, different lifestyle, and most importantly my life was changing dramatically. These changes were beginning to affect my other systems. The person I was becoming was someone I did not expect to be and therefore, I decided to drop out of it and enjoy the person that I truly am. Another example that was part of my exosystem was when I was part of my high school cheerleading squad. Being part of this subculture I developed a whole new lifestyle. I remember saying that cheer was what I woke up to, did most of the day, and dreamed all night about. It sure was not easy being a cheerleader since I also had to manage my academic achievement and my role as a daughter. At times, cheerleading affected my ability to communicate with my parents because I would leave early in the morning and did not get back home till about eight or nine o’clock at night. As seen, our macrosystem can have significant influences in our other systems due to its connection it creates. As a Latino woman, we identify ourselves with our race and culture. We share similar characteristics and beliefs that other races and cultures don’t. Due to this, being Latino is part of my macrosystem. Growing up I knew my family was different than some of my classmate’s families. For instance, some of my classmates did not speak Spanish and did not eat the same things that I did. Also, they did not celebrate the same things I did. For this reason, my race made me different and I learned to appreciate who my family and I were. Conclusion: Indeed, Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological model depicts the four systems that help our human development. Overall, I learned that depending on the child’s life, their socialized abilities can either be broken or created, but at the end each interaction they make affects the socialization skills they develop throughout their lives. Reflecting upon the different systems and how they directly impact one’s life, has changed my views in the way socialization takes part in our lives and how I develop new interactions with others in my development as a human being.

Ambition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Ambition - Essay Example (Brim, pp. 11-12) The word ambition is often referred as aspiration and pretension, which relates it with the possibility of a higher authority influencing the individual to have a similar ambition in his life. Such practice has been very usual nowadays, as business tycoons inspire young business individuals to have ambition to be like them. On the other hand, high scope of electrical engineering motivates students to acquire an ambition to get a bachelor science degree in the similar field. Every individual is diverse in terms of thinking, and therefore, different ambitions can be seen in minds of people that work day and night to fulfill their ambitions. In other words, ambitions can be different; however, every ambition allows the individual to seek a level of advancement and improvement in his life. It is very important that a higher level of advancement should be sought by the individuals, in order to live a meaningful life. Moreover, humans are created in such a way that they require some level of desire for improvement, and therefore, ambition plays a significant role in the continuation of human lives. In a logical point of view, it is very important that an individual should desire for an advanced level. For instance, it has been observed that people with no ambition results in nothing but a machine that works when switches on and does not, when switched off. In other words, it is very imperative that daily life of individuals should be equipped with ambition, motivation, or aspiration, or else, there would be no use of intellect or other human capabilities. Thus, it is very imperative that the term ambition should be taken into logical consideration rather than just empirical manner, as human lives are based more on systematic and logical factors. Now, the paper will try to discuss some other perspectives that may support the earlier discussed definition of ambition. Ambition is often referred as motivation and aspiration, some

Islam Economic System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Islam Economic System - Essay Example Islam is a significant, growing, and dynamic presence in the world. (Microsoft Encarta 2007) "Though 'Capitalistic' in nature, the Islamic economic system is not, however, based on the European or American capitalist economic principles, which in no way heed moral or ethical conceptions. The Islamic system obeys fully and unconditionally the dictates of moral and ethical doctrines. The difference between the Islamic and the capitalist economic systems is thus a cardinal and fundamental one. "The Islamic economic system also laid down the principle of the equality of value between labor and capital, by recognizing that labor should be accorded equal consideration with capital--in fact that it can itself be regarded as form of 'capital'. (https://www.vedamsbooks.com/no34563.htm - 3k ) Islam's economic system is not merely a matter of broad appeal to voluntary charity; rather, it gives a more comprehensive approach or view of economic life, which in turn is based on the basic teaching in the tenets of Islam. Despite the universality of the Islamic laws, the economic systems could vary since there are communist, socialist, capitalist, and Islamic economic systems. Each is based on goals, principals, or philosophies which are quite unique to that particular ideology. Islam recognized that humans will unde... om the buying of food, taking ownership of property, selling goods, investment, agriculture, taking loans, exchanging currency, taking up employment and giving work, setting up a company, importing and exporting abroad, disposing of assets etc. In this regard, Islam made a distinction between the economic system and economic science i.e. it views them as two separate issues. This is because there is a fundamental difference between the method of production of goods and services (economic science) from the manner of their distribution (economic system). The production of goods and services follow no particular viewpoint in life. A conveyor belt is neither Capitalist, Islamic nor is Communist .It is universal. Questions as to how processes can be made more technological, how mechanisms and robots can improve productivity and how inventions can improve the process of manufacturing do not follow any specific viewpoint in life. This means basic facts on productivity, marketing and manufacturing (economic science) remain the same irrespective of belief or location. This is similar to scientific facts. These are the same whether in China or the US because they are not influenced by any belief. They are questions based upon the reality i.e. understanding the reality at hand leads one to a conclusion. So the fact Inflation occurs when there is too much money chasing too few goods does not change if one is a Christian or if an atheist becomes Muslim or if one moves form China to the US. This is no different to the fact that wood burns whatever your religion or weather you're in the UK or the North Pole. The distribution of resources, how goods and services should be given to the public, whether they should go to the rich or the orphans, aristocracy or the landlords is not a

Discuss the Marketing Mix and how it is central to the process of Essay

Discuss the Marketing Mix and how it is central to the process of marketing. In your answer explain each of the four Ps (tools) used in the Marketing Mix and illustrate with examples - Essay Example essential as it dictates quite a few points, most important of which is the element of creating a connection between the end consumer and the manufacturer. Marketing mix has been known to create all the positive vibes that have been important for a long time, ever since the discussion of business started. Marketing cannot be deemed as success if the different elements which make it up are not qualified and are unwilling to provide the business application (Egan 2006). Therefore marketing mix is very significant towards the understanding of marketing, and creates the much needed space for linking the customers and the manufacturers/producers of the product. The central premise of marketing is to arouse the need for selling a product which is not yet desired by the consumer. Therefore selling something that is of essence for the consumer yet not realized by him is true marketing (Mason 1994). When the talk goes out loud regarding the marketing mix, one must understand that price plays a very important role here. If price is set right, the consumers will buy the product and thus satisfy their need. A Nike shoe is priced more than an ordinary one because Nike has more brand equity and is famous for its designs and state of the art shoe technology. Moving on, place is the exact retail location where the product is sold or made available to the consumers. In the instance of Nike shoes, the place is the flagship store of Nike as well as other generic shoe outlets where there are specific Nike counters (Fritz 2002). One must understand that the 4 Ps would not function properly if the element of promotion is taken out from the fray. Promotion includes the advertising, personal selling, trade and sales promotions, direct marketing and public relations sub-tenets. Advertising looks after the aspects that deal with the mass targeting of the product towards the consumers. Advertisi ng and other promotional mix elements are important because these tell the basis of promotion

Computer Numerical Control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Computer Numerical Control - Essay Example End to end designs of the components have been highly developed and the computers have been widely used in their processes and this have included such things as computer language being widely incorporated within the systems that use computer numerical control (Krull, 40). In the production of Padlocks by the Tri-Cycle company the use of the computer numerical control has been assessed and the following results were seen. One of the benefits of the system was that it could be used continuously for twenty fours and this have ensured that the production of the products can be continued continuously without facing any disruptions and hindrances. This is very beneficial to the company because the company can enjoy customer faith because the company ensures that the products are available in the market throughout the year and can meet any kind of demand that could be necessary at any time (Reintjes, 120). It is also beneficial to the company because the company does not need to employ highly skilled personnel to operate the machines. This have ensured that the company does not need to spend a lot of its resources in employing highly skilled personnel and at the same time ensure that the production of the padlocks is continued and also keep the quality of the products high levels. This is very beneficial to the company because while saving on the consumer faith, they also benefit largely to the fact that the system ensures that the products are of high quality and hence very beneficial in the market outlook of the company (Reintjes, 123). When an improvement to the machines or to the product is necessary, the company does not need to do an overhaul of the entire system but only need to change the computer language. This ensures that the padlocks produced can be changed on their branding, size and type without having necessarily changed the entire system. This is very beneficial to the company because the company does not to spend a lot of resources when they need to change the outlook of the company's production system. The company also does not need to involve a lot of technical to change the system as semi-skilled workers can work on the changes that are required for the company to make the necessary changes that are required to change the company's products outlook (Krull, 40).

Risk and Returns Calculations Impact of Mathematics in Finance Essay

Risk and Returns Calculations Impact of Mathematics in Finance - Essay Example Financial calculations and theories are not complete and effective unless they are linked with Mathematical concepts. Indeed there has been a great impact of mathematics in the financial stream. The mathematical concepts has enable the business doing individuals take more effective decisions related to financing, investments, capital budgeting and so on. Moreover, an investment decision calls for a Ã' areful evaluation of available alternatives, assessing of the reward and risk associated with each of the alternatives that are believed to best serve the investment objectives at hand.For instance, while making the decisions regarding investment and financing, the finance managers seek to achieve the right balance between risk and return.If the firm borrows heavily to finance its operations, then the surpluses generated out of operations would be sufficient to service the debt in the form of interest and principal payments.The surplus or profit available to the owners would be reduced because of the heavy ‘Debt – servicing’. If things do not work out as planned and the firm is unable to meet its obligations, the company is even exposed to the risk of insolvency. Similarly the various investment opportunities have a certain amount of risk associated with the return and also the time when the return would materialize.The Finance manager has to decide whether the opportunity is worth more than its cost, and whether the additional burden of debt can be safely borne

Piaget's theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Piaget's theory - Essay Example ntelligence was active; and that children are not passive recipients of information, rather that they actively construct and reconstruct their knowledge of the world. Cognitive disequilibrium and the child’s action and interaction with the physical environment fuel the development of the cognitive system towards more advanced psychological structures (Fisher & Lerner, 2004). This paper will evaluate Piaget’s theory of the four stages of cognitive evolution in child development. Further, similarities and differences will be identified between Erikson’s theory and Piaget’s theory of child development, with respect to the development of identity. According to Piaget’s theory, the development of intelligence and cognitive functioning in children progresses through a series of four stages based on age and concurrent biological changes and maturation. This leads to the child demonstrating a higher level of functioning at each successive stage, as compared to the previous stage (Videbeck, 2007). The stages of development are not universal, since cultural differences exist. However, the mechanisms that underlie cognitive development are considered to be universal (Pressley & McCormick, 2007). 1. The sensorimotor stage: This extends from birth to two years. The child develops a sense of self, differentiated from the environment, and develops the concept of object permanence. That is, a perception of the existence of tangible objects even when they are out of sight, that they do 3. The concrete operations stage: Between six to twelve years the child begins to apply logic to thinking, understands spatiality and reversibility, is increasingly social and able to apply rules; however, thinking is still concrete. 4. The formal operations stage: From twelve to fifteen years and beyond, the child learns to think and reason in abstract terms. Further, there is development of logical thinking and reasoning, and the achievement of cognitive maturity in the child

Public Policy Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Public Policy Analysis - Assignment Example The strength of this framework lies in that it takes into consideration, all the actors at play, and their mutual dynamics, in a given policy situation. The shortcomings in the prevailing, stages heuristic theory, the problems with both â€Å"top-down and bottom-up approaches†, and the lacunae in the existing theories with respect to â€Å"scientific and technical information† had prompted the birth of the Advocacy Coalition Framework (Weible, Sabatier and McQueen, 122). This theory has looked at policy change as an attribute of several factors, namely, science and technology, time span, â€Å"policy subsystems†, and individual â€Å"beliefs† (Weible, Sabatier and McQueen, 122). It is the collective action of different advocacy groups that form into a temporary coalition on a specific issue (even if these groups differ among them on other issues) that is projected as a catalyst for policy change, according to this theory (Birkland, 300). Both the subsystem events and changes in the external policy environment have been viewed by this framework as to cause policy change (Weible, Sabatier and McQueen, 123-4). ... The basic notion of this theory has been that â€Å"individuals- acting alone, or within organizations- are utility-maximizing, rational individuals who are goal-oriented and use near-perfect information to weigh a range of options before adopting the optimal choice based on their calculation of costs and benefits† (Birkland, 302). This is a rule-based framework (where rules are implicit rather than binding), where policy changes are determined by â€Å"encompassing efficiency, equity, accountability, â€Å"conformance to general morality†, (†¦), and adaptability† (Birkland, 304). From this theoretical perspective, the actors who bring about policy change are acting either â€Å"as individuals or as groups functioning as a corporate actor† (Warne, 20). This theory has also envisaged a three tier process of policy creation/change, the tiers being, â€Å"operational tier (†¦) collective tier (†¦) (and) constitutional tier† (Warne, 20-21 ). My personal experiences and understanding of public policy suggest that the Advocacy Coalition Framework has succeeded in identifying the wider and specific aspects of policy making and integrating them beautifully, but it has failed to notice that all negotiations can happen only within the given legal and moral realm. On the other hand, the theory of Institutional Rational Choice has stressed the universal aspect of a policy choice. It has been successful in incorporating the coalition element of the Advocacy Coalition Framework, as one among its three tier model and has thus went beyond the Advocacy Coalition Framework to put forth a more comprehensive theoretical model. But all the same, the Institutional

Plagiarism and Academic Integrity Research Paper

Plagiarism and Academic Integrity - Research Paper Example Proper paraphrasing should involve using your own word to express another person’s idea. Nevertheless, you should still acknowledge the original source of the idea through in text citation and in the reference page. However, rearranging word in a statement entails copying someone’s idea, which is equivalents to plagiarizing (Walden University, 2012).   The third thing I learnt about plagiarism is when I am supposed to cite sources. From the weeks readings, I have learnt that I should always cite direct quotes from other peoples work, paraphrased or summarized ideas, statistical information, when not sure if a certain concept require citation and whenever I make use of any source that contains someone else idea (City College of San Francisco , 2011; Prentice Hall Companion, 2011). This knowledge is crucial and will enable me to indicate the original source of information I may use in my own writing always. This is crucial since it will enable me build my academic integrity and avoid mishaps such as cancelation of assignments. Acknowledging other people’s ideas will enable me to become a responsible student since I will be recognizing the people who have played a role in my learning. Academic integrity is important because it helps in development of honesty and responsible. Academic integrity means being able to respect other people’s work by being able to distinguish my ideas and acknowledging those of others. Academic integrity helps in establishment of dignity between the students, instructors and the entire institution. Additionally, academic integrity enables creation of an environment when students are able to triumph out of their own efforts (Walden University, 2012).   An institution that emboldens academic integrity enables the students to develop their own philosophies. Instructors are able to identify the students input into a piece of work when they acknowledge other

Learning and Development Practice Essay Example for Free

Learning and Development Practice Essay 1. Directive: Is where the coach offers the coachee solutions, tools and techniques for moving forward. The coachee may like to be offered solutions however the danger is that the solution may not be appropriate for the coachee’s situation and consequently may not feel fully committed to the solution provided. 2. Non-Directive: Is coaching in the true sense of the word where the coach simply asks the coachee questions to allow the coachee to find your own solutions. A non-directive coach will not offer the coachee advice and rarely even give the coachee suggestions, although through skilful questioning they will help the coachee to see their situation from a different perspective, gain clarity, uncover options, challenge inconsistencies and hold the coachee accountable to their actions. ‘Directiveness’ Scale Directive Non-Directive I know how You know how I tell you You tell me You follow instruction- You decide Starr, J. 2008. The Coaching Manual. Person Education LTD. Pg20. Although I have given an idea of what directive and non-directive coaching styles are. These styles can be seen on a sliding scale. A tool for the coach to use, dependent on the situation and where the questioning leads. The coach my not always use one style over another but can slide up and down the scale to enhance the coachee’s answer and gain clarity where needed, or dependent on the experience of the coachee. With the ultimate aim that the coachee leaves empowered to move forward with action points to achieve goals. 1.2 How coaching differs from other LD methods Counselling Counselling a therapeutic intervention usually around a personal deep rooted issue from a person’s past that is affecting a person in the present. Counselling provides intervention strategy’s to cope with the personal issue by delving into the persons past. Coaching although can bring out emotions from the coachee, tends to be forward looking and is based around  performance related issues and not personal. (Beevers, 2010). 1.3 How coaching can meet organisational objectives Coaching can meet organisational objectives by  Staff engage and have a greater awareness of organisations objectives. Implemented agreed actions during coaching process show recorded outcomes which means the organisation has measurable results of learning within staff PDP’s. Shows an organisation has a learning culture – investing in their people. If coach is line manager they will enhance management capabilities within the organisation. 1.4 Coaching roles The Coaches role Establishes the boundaries, e.g. Frequency and length of sessions as well as the session structure. Explains what coaching is and is not, and asks permission to explain when issues go beyond what is permissible in coaching. Helps the coachee set goals through questions. Showing interest, activity listening, being non-judgmental. Shows confidence in coachee to find own solutions. Helps coachee gain insight through questioning, listening and challenging them. Encourages forward movement and thinking. Helps coachee set SMART goals and feedback on those goals. Holds coachee accountable for his/her own progress and does not own the actions. The Coachee role Commits to the coaching process and be an active part. Takes ownership of their progress. Is honest, open and shares information with the coach. Willing to discover more self awareness. Takes ownership and willingness to move forward with agreed actions to achieve goals. Understands that the coach is only human and that mistakes from both the coachee and the coach may be made along the journey. 1.5 The benefits of coaching Individual Increased Confidence and self awareness from developing own solutions and goals (ILM,2007). Dedicated time to discuss own performance and ownership on how to improve it. Better understanding of their contribution within their role related to the organisations objectives. Organisation Motivated staff leading to better staff retention throughout the organisation. Improved communication and relationships between management and staff. Improve business knowledge and skills in specific areas related to the organisation (ILM, 2007). 1.6 How to implement a coaching culture within an organisation Bringing in external coaches would be dependent on cost– External coaches are costly, although may be more dependent and more reliant to complete agreed actions, but are more likely to be used short term and small scale (Beevers, 2010). External coaches are more likely to be brought to coach executive level management (Beevers, 2010), or to train up in-house coaches who can then coach at lower levels of management and/or line managed staff within the organisation as part of the development process (Harrison, 2009). 1.7 Developing in-house coaching Advantages Coach will have existing knowledge of the organisation and understands the organisations objectives. Can be more cost effective when coaching a large workforce in comparison to bring in an external coach. As a manager/coach – can offer immediate coaching to team members when issues arise. Disadvantages Coachee may not be willing to open up to coach about issues, especially is coach is their line manager due to lack of trust of confidentiality. Conflict of interest if coach is a manager – They have their own targets to achieve which might affect the aims or outcome of the coaching session. Costs of training, supervising and time from normal workload to coach if internal employees are trained to become coaches (Harrison 2009). References Beevers, K and Andrew, R., 2010. Learning and Development Practice. CPID. Harrison, R. 2009., Learning and development. 5th edition. CIPD. ILM. May 2011., Creating a coaching culture. ILM. Starr, J. 2008., The Coaching Manual. Person Education Ltd. Advantages and disadvantages of different types of coaching relationship [Online] Available at [Accessed 31/09/13].