Biochemistry Research Paper -- Health, Diseases, Viruses, Bacteria

Toll-like receptors are proteins that play a significant role in the cite of pathogens such as viruses and bacterium, thereby initiating an innate response. The TLR family beds structurally conserve molecules know as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPS) derive from these viruses and bacterium. TLR7 bedevil been shown to mediate the recognition of undivided stranded RNA (ssRNA) viruses, whereas TLR9 recognizes non-methylated CpG sequences in bacterial desoxyribonucleic acid molecules. However, the molecular implement by which non-methylated CpG DNA and ssRNA viruses activate the innate immunity is not intimately understood. In this paper, it is demonstrated that the cell response to vesicular stomatitis viruses (VSV) and bacteria DNA is mediated by TLR7 and TLR9. Through the generation of TLR7 and TLR9-deficient mice, it was determined that TLR7 are unavoidable for responsiveness to both vesicular stomatitis viruses and TLR9 recognizes bacteria DNA. Both TLR7 and TL R9 deficient mice did not show any response to single stranded RNA viruses and non-methylated CpG bacteria DNA including inflammatory cytokine production from macrophages and dendritic cells. However, the in vivo ability of vesicular stomatitis viruses and CpG bacteria DNA to stimulate IL-12 secretion depended on the functional activating of MyD88 and IRAK. These results present evidence for the requirement of TLR7 for single stranded RNA viruses and TLR9 for non-methylated CpG bacteria DNA to induced cellular effects. Conversely, further results provide evidence that realize the role for TLR7 and TLR9 to trigger vesicular stomatitis viruses and CpG bacteria DNA mediated augury transduction resulting in the induction of the interferon response 266.IntroductionThe inna... ... bone marrow of WT, TLR7,TLR9, or MyD88 deficient mice and infected with VSV for 18hrs. IFN and IL-12 level were determined from culture supernatant by ELISALund, J.M.et alConclusionIn justification with the previous memorize on TLR9 recognition of CpG DNA and initiating an innate immune system, Lund, J.M. et al have demonstrated that, together, TLR7 and TLR9 likely form a functional subgroup within the TLR family that recognize pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPS) in endosomal compartment. It is now clear TLR7 and TLR9 play a significant role in the recognition of vesicular stomatitis virus and CpG bacteria DNA, thereby activating the innate immune system. The experiments with TLR7 and TLR9 deficient mice have shown the internal role in the recognition of ssRNA by TLR7 and non-methylated CpG bacteria DNA by TLR9 respectively.