Young Modulus Experiment

Experiment 1 un visitationed Modulus TitleB closeing of calamus and coefficient of elasticity. Objective To study the relationship between make full, span, width, height and deflexion of a lance, places on both bearers and affected by a concentrated debase at the centre. To ascertain the coefficient of elasticity for aluminium, brass and steel. Results Measurement of test ideal (a) For beam material brand Length, L (mm) Thickness, h (mm) Width, b (mm) initiative indication 650 3. 15 18. 97 2nd reading 650 3. 11 19. 03 third reading 650 3. 12 18. 97 average reading 650 3. 13 18. 99 (b) For beam material Aluminium Length, L (mm) Thickness, h (mm) Width, b (mm) maiden reading 650 3. 25 19. 15 2nd reading 650 3. 21 19. 23 3rd reading 650 3. 21 19. 18 norm reading 650 3. 22 19. 19 (c) For beam material nerve Length, L (mm) Thickness, h (mm) Width, b (mm) 1st reading 650 3. 31 19. 05 2nd reading 650 3. 34 19. 20 3rd reading 650 3. 35 19. 09 Average reading 650 3. 33 19. 1 1 Two simple supports end. (a) digression of test standard glisten material-Steel Mass(gram) onus (N) deviation 1 (mm) deviance 2 (mm) deflection 3 (mm) Average refraction (mm) 100 0. 981 0. 5 0. 45 0. 48 0. 43 cc 1. 96 0. 85 0. 88 0. 85 0. 86 300 2. 94 1. 30 1. 32 1. 38 1. 33 four hundred 3. 92 1. 74 1. 80 1. 81 1. 78 euchre 4. 91 2. 20 2. 24 2. 25 2. 23 (b) Deflection of test model light beam material-Aluminium Mass(gram) debauch (N) Deflection 1 (mm) Deflection 2 (mm) Deflection 3 (mm) Average Deflection (mm) 100 0. 981 1. 18 1. 15 1. 16 1. 16 devil hundred 1. 96 2. 43 2. 54 2. 40 2. 46 300 2. 94 3. 72 3. 67 3. 72 3. 70 cd 3. 92 4. 98 5. 08 5. 10 5. 05 500 4. 91 6. 07 6. 20 6. 15 6. 14 (c) Deflection of test specimen beam of light material-Brass Mass(gram) Load (N) Deflection 1 (mm) Deflection 2 (mm) Deflection 3 (mm) Average Deflection (mm) 100 0. 981 1. 02 0. 97 0. 90 0. 96 200 1. 96 1. 80 1. 78 1. 74 1. 77 300 2. 94 2. 67 2. 78 2. 66 2. 70 four hundred 3. 92 3. 49 3. 57 3. 52 3. 53 500 4. 91 4. 37 4. 41 4. 37 4. 41 One dogged end and cardinal simple support end. (a) Deflection of test specimen Beam material-Steel Mass(gram) Load (N) Deflection 1 (mm) Deflection 2 (mm) Deflection 3 (mm) Average Deflection (mm) 100 0. 981 0. 26 0. 23 0. 27 0. 25 200 1. 96 0. 48 0. 45 0. 47 0. 47 300 2. 94 0. 69 0. 70 0. 70 0. 0 400 3. 92 0. 97 0. 88 0. 88 0. 89 500 4. 91 1. 15 1. 12 1. 12 1. 13 (b) Deflection of test specimen Beam material-Aluminium Mass(gram) Load (N) Deflection 1 (mm) Deflection 2 (mm) Deflection 3 (mm)Average Deflection (mm) 100 0. 981 0. 60 0. 67 0. 69 0. 65 200 1. 96 1. 28 1. 19 1. 20 1. 22 300 2. 94 1. 80 1. 80 1. 82 1. 81 400 3. 92 2. 37 2. 43 2. 45 2. 42 500 4. 91 2. 97 2. 98 3. 01 2. 99 (c) Deflection of test specimen Beam material-Brass Mass(gram) Load (N) Deflection 1 (mm) Deflection 2 (mm) Deflection 3 (mm) Average Deflection (mm) 100 0. 81 0. 47 0. 42 0. 48 0. 46 200 1. 96 0. 90 0. 86 0. 86 0. 87 300 2. 94 1. 30 1. 2 8 1. 30 1. 29 400 3. 92 1. 73 1. 70 1. 71 1. 71 500 4. 91 2. 14 2. 14 2. 13 2. 14 Calculations * Two simple supports end To calculate the moment of inertia I = bh312 I = event of inactiveness ( m4 ) b = Width of beam ( m ) h = Thickness of beam ( m ) To determine the beam Young modulus E = F? (L348I) E = Young modulus ( Pa ) F = Force/ loading applied ( N ) ? = Deflection ( m ) L = Beam length ( m ) I = Moment of Inertia ( m4 ) F? = Slope of graph line deflection versus lodge ( N m-1 )Beam material Steel I = bh312 = 18. 99 ? 10-33. 13 ? 10-33 12 = 4. 853? 10 -11m4 E = F? (L348I) = 4. 9-0. 980. 00223-0. 00043(600? 10-3)3484. 853? 10-11 = 3. 920. 00180. 2162. 329 ? 10-9 = 201. 94 GPa Beam material Aluminium I = bh312 = 19. 19 ? 10-33. 22 ? 10-3312 = 5. 339? 10 -11m4 E = F? (L348I) = 4. 9-0. 980. 00614-0. 00116(600? 10-3)3485. 339? 10-11 = 3. 920. 004980. 2162. 563 ? 10-9 = 66. 35 GPa Beam material Brass I = bh312 = 19. 11 ? 10-33. 33 ? 10-3312 = 5. 880? 10 -11m4 E = F? (L348I) = 1. 962-0. 9810. 00177-0. 00096(600? 10-3)3485. 880? 10-11 = 0. 9810. 000810. 2162. 822 ? 0-9 = 92. 69GPa * One dogged end and one simple support end I = bh312 I = Moment of Inertia ( m4 ) b = Width of beam ( m ) h = Thickness of beam ( m ) E = F? (3. 5L3384I) E = Young modulus ( Pa ) F = Force/load applied ( N ) ? = Deflection ( m ) L = Beam length ( m ) I = Moment of Inertia ( m4 ) F ? = Slope of graph line deflection versus force ( N m-1 ) Beam material Steel I = bh312 = 18. 99? 10-33. 13? 10-3312 = 4. 853? 10 -11m4 E = F? (3. 5L3384I) = 4. 91-0. 9810. 00113-0. 000253. 5(600? 10-3)33844. 853? 10-11 = 3. 9290. 000880. 7561. 86 ? 10-8 = 181. 47 GPa Beam material AluminiumI = bh312 = 19. 19? 10-33. 22? 10-3312 = 5. 339? 10 -11m4 E = F? (3. 5L3384I) = 4. 91-0. 9810. 00299-0. 000653. 5(600? 10-3)33845. 339? 10-11 = 3. 9290. 002340. 7562. 05 ? 10-8 = 61. 92 GPa Beam material Brass I = bh312 = 19. 11? 10-33. 33? 10-3312 = 5. 880? 10 -11m4 E = F? (3. 5L3384I) = 4. 905-0. 9810. 0021 4-0. 000463. 5(600? 10-3)33845. 880? 10-11 = 3. 9240. 001680. 7562. 26 ? 10-8 = 78. 13GPa Theoretical rank for small modulus of Steel = 200GPa Theoretical value for newfangled modulus of Aluminium = 69GPa Theoretical value for puppyish modulus of Brasses = 100-125GPa Discussion Based on the results, the observational young modulus for Steel is 201. 94 GPa by using two simple supports end. as well as that, the experimental young modulus for Aluminium is 66. 35 GPa and for Brass is 92. 69 GPa. On the other hand, when the test is carried out by using one resolute end and one simple support end, the experimental young modulus for Steel is 181. 47 GPa, Aluminium is 66. 35 GPa and Brass is 92. 69 GPa. Based on the results from the both method, the coefficient of elasticity for Aluminium is the highest among Steel and Brass as it has the lowest value of young modulus.By comparing with the theoretical young modulus for Steel, Aluminium and Brass, the experimental young modulus for sp ecimen by using two simple supports end is more accurate than using one fixed end and one simple support end. This is because when the beam is tighten alone at one side, it exit causes the beam to deflect unequally at both side. Thus, the dial pot readings recorded will be inexact. there are some factors that may affect the experimental results to be inaccurate when this experiment is carried out.One of the factors that lead to inaccurate results is because of the atmosphere around the laboratory. The strong tune from the air-conditioner will cause the load to be unstable and shaking when the reading is taken. Thus, the readings in the dial hazard will be changing as the load is moving. Besides that, misalignment error will also affect the experimental results to be inaccurate. The dial gauge is not placed to the center of the test specimen. This is important because the deflection of a beam placed on two bearers will be affected by a concentrated load at the centre.Moreover, parallax error may be occur when adjusting the height of the gauge so that the needle touched the test specimen. This error occurs because different the great unwashed have different viewing of the measurement at an angle. Furthermore, the dial gauge must be set to 0. 00mm every time the load hanger is drive on the center of the test specimen. This steps need to be through with(p) before the readings is taken so that the results will not be interrupt by the previous experimental results. The readings by the dial gauge must be taken when it is already fixed and stabilize.Therefore, softly tap on the dial gauge until the reading did not change to ensure that the load had already stabilize before the dial gauge reading is recorded. culmination When the width and the height of the beam increases, the moment of inertia calculated will increase. Besides that, when the load and span increases, the deflection of a beam will also increases. This shows that the load and span is directl y perpendicular to the deflection of a beam. Based on the results from both method, the coefficient of elasticity is increasing from steel, brass and aluminium.